1 Executive Information System Chapter 12 Soft Information
2 Contents Soft Information Definition A Study of Soft Information Most Popular Soft Information Applications Propositions About Soft Information
3 What is Soft Information? 1.It may be predictions, opinions, news, ideas, schedules, explanations, and even rumours. 2.It tends to be non-machine resident and textual. 3.It enhances the understanding of past, current, and future events, often by adding value to factual data. 4.The executive’s knowledge of its source influences the soft information’s credibility. 5.An EIS expands and enhances the formal and informal, and internal and external channels used to gather soft information.
4 A Study of Soft Information It is any information not considered to be hard. 1.Types of Soft Information: Rumours and hearsay Opinions, feelings, and ideas Predictions, speculations, forecasts, and estimates Explanations, justifications, assessments, and interpretations Schedules and formal plans News reports, industry trends, and external survey data
5 A Study of Soft Information 2.Gossip is exclusion of soft information. 3.Most popular soft information application is used to enhance hard information with explanations. 4.The confidentiality is important decisions affected by soft information. 5.Soft information increases the value of an EIS. 6.External news services, competitor information, and the ease of entering soft information are future plans for including software information.
6 Propositions about Soft Information (15) What kinds of soft information are most valuable, how to capture it, and how to best deliver it? 1.The nature of executive work requires the use of soft information 2.The culture of a firm affects the inclusion of soft information in the company’s EIS 3.Executives may be unwilling to share soft information in an EIS 4.Soft information in an EIS increase executives' awareness of critical issues 5.Including soft information in the EIS enhances the corporate grapevine
7 Propositions about Soft Information (15) 6.The inclusion of soft information varies with the industry 7.Soft information about competitors is highly valued 8.Some soft information may be excluded intentionally from the EIS 9.The value of soft information depends on its timeliness 10.Increasing the quantity and variety of soft information in an EIS increases the support staff requirements 11.The variety and quantity of soft information increases the value of an EIS
8 Propositions about Soft Information (15) 12.Organizations increase the variety and quantity of soft information over time. 13.Identifying the source enhances the value of the soft information in an EIS. 14.The delivery of soft information by the EIS depends on the technology employed. 15.Rumours and hearsay are the least likely of soft information to be included in an executive information system; predictions, forecasts, and estimates are the most likely.
9 Technology for Handling Soft Information 1.Software robots that constantly monitor various data sources for changing patterns and trends, and alerts the users with background tools needed for analysis. 2.Software that combines business intelligence, executive alerting, and information filtering functions to augment an EIS. 3.Software that automatically generates certain types of soft information, e.g. integrated forecasting models.