T/O: MAP BASICS (6.3A) EQ : How do I read a map?

What is a Globe? A globe is a model of the earth Globes show the earth’s: – Shape – Lands – Distances – Directions

COMPASS ROSE A symbol on every map that tells you where the CARDINAL DIRECTIONS are positioned CARDINAL DIRECTIONS – NORTH – SOUTH – EAST – WEST

Hemispheres To locate places on the earth, geographers use a system of imaginary lines that crisscross the globe The EQUATOR circles the middle of the earth like a belt – Equator divides the earth into “half spheres” or Hemispheres Everything NORTH of the Equator is in the Northern Hemisphere Everything SOUTH of the Equator is in the Southern Hemisphere

Hemispheres Another imaginary line runs from north to south It helps divide the earth into EASTERN & WESTERN Hemispheres The PRIME MERIDIAN circles the earth from NORTH to SOUTH Everything EAST of the Prime Meridian is in the Eastern Hemisphere Everything WEST of the Prime Meridian is in the Western Hemisphere

Hemispheres The EQUATOR & the PRIME MERIDIAN are the starting points for two sets of lines used to find ANY location.

LATITUDE PARALLELS circle the earth like stacked rings & show LATITUDE – LATITUDE – distance measured in degrees NORTH & SOUTH of the EQUATOR The letter N or S following the degree symbol tells you if the location is north or south of the Equator The North Pole is at 90’N (North) Latitude The South Pole is at 90’S (South) Pole

LATITUDE Some very important parallels (LATITUDE) in between the poles are: Tropic of Cancer is at 23 ½’ N latitude Tropic of Capricorn is at 23 ½’ S latitude – The sun NEVER goes directly overhead N or S of the Tropics Arctic Circle is at 66 ½’ N latitude Antarctic Circle is at 66 ½’ S latitude

LONGITUDE MERIDIANS run from pole to pole & crisscross parallels MERIDIANS signify LONGITUDE – LONGITUDE – distance measured in degrees EAST or WEST of the PRIME MERIDIAN – PRIME MERIDIAN = 0’ longitude On the opposite side of the earth is the 180’ meridian, also called the International Date Line

LOCATION Lines of latitude & longitude cross each other in the form of a grid system You can find a place’s ABSOLUTE LOCATION by naming the exact latitude & longitude lines that a place is located on earth

LOCATION RELATIVE LOCATION is where one place is in relation to another place

QUIZ tomorrow There will be a short 5 question quiz tomorrow over this information. Make sure you look over your notes We will play a game tomorrow using what you learned about LOCATION

T/O: (6.3A) EQ : How do I study geography? HW – 20 Items WS

Warm Up! On a piece of notebook paper, write directions on how you would walk home from 5000 Hires Lane. (The front of Haltom Middle school. ) Ex. – Turn right onto Friendly Lane – Take first left onto Dana Drive – Take first right onto Haltom Road – Turn right onto Airport Freeway

Geography Everything you see, touch, use, and even hear is related to geography Geography is the study of the world’s people, places, and environments. How can we possibly study such a huge amount of information in this class? Where do we start?

Geography Geographers are people who study geography To understand how our world is connected, some geographers have broken down the study of geography into five themes.

5 Themes of Geography The 5 Themes of Geography are: 1) Location 2) Place 3) Human/Environment Interaction 4) Movement 5) Regions

T/O: (6.3A) CONTINUED EQ : How do I study geography? HW Due – 20 Items WS

Six Essential Elements 1)The World in Spatial Terms Geographers first take a look at where a place is located LOCATION – “Where is it?” – Knowing location of places helps you to orient yourself in space and to develop an awareness of the world around you

Six Essential Elements 2) Places and Regions PLACE includes those features and characteristics that give an area its own identity or personality. – Physical Characteristics – landforms, climate, plants, & animals – Human Characteristics – language, religion, architecture, music, politics, & way of life

Six Essential Elements 2) Places and Regions To make sense of all the complex things in the world, geographers often group places or areas into regions REGION – a group of places united by one or more common characteristics

Six Essential Elements 3) Physical Systems When studying places & regions, geographers analyze how physical systems, such as volcanoes, glaciers, and hurricanes, interact & shape the earth’s surface

Six Essential Elements 3) Physical Systems Geographers also look at ecosystems, or communities of plants and animals that are dependent upon one another & their particular surroundings for survival

Six Essential Elements 4) Human Systems Geographers examine human systems – HUMAN SYSTEMS – how people have shaped our world – An ongoing theme in geography is the continual MOVEMENT of people, ideas, & goods.

Six Essential Elements 5) Environment and Society HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION is how & why people change their surroundings An example of H.E.I. is when people cut down forests to build farms &/or cities

Six Essential Elements 6)The Uses of Geography Understanding geography prepares you for life in our modern society

Scale Maps are made to scale; that is, there is a direct connection between a unit of measurement on the map and the actual distance. – For example, each inch on the map represents one mile on Earth. So, a map of a town would show a mile-long strip of fast food joints and auto dealers in one inch.

Scale

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day. As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day. Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone.longitude

T/O: (6.3A) CONTINUED EQ : How do I study geography? HW Due – 20 Items WS

Warm Up Work with your partner to finish tallying the 20 items (40 total between both partners) As groups finish, students will be asked to come to input their information into the chart on the board.

LEGEND / KEY Identifies the symbols used on a map

Can you understand this legend?

Age Expectancy Legend

MAP TYPES 1) Physical Map – Call out landforms & water resources

MAP TYPES 2) Political Map – Show the names and boundaries of countries, the location of cities & other human-made features of a place, often identifying major physical features

MAP TYPES – SPECIAL PURPOSE 3) Vegetation Map – show different colors for different vegetation in a specific area

MAP TYPES 4) LAND USE – A map that shows the types & intensities of different land uses in a particular area.

MAP TYPES 5) CLIMATE MAP – The purpose is usually to show which areas get the most rainfall

MAP TYPES 6) POPULATION MAP – Purpose is to show population of a specific city, state, continent, etc.

T/O: (6.3A) CONTINUED EQ : How does what I study relate to me?

Bar Graphs Uses bars or wide lines to compare data visually

Line Graph Useful tool for showing changes over a period of time

Circle Graphs When you want to show how the WHOLE part of something that is divided into its parts.

Pictograph Use rows of small pictures or symbols Each symbol represents an amount

Climograph AKA Climate graph Combines a line graph and a bar graph Shows the overall picture of the climate, the long term weather patterns

Diagrams Drawings that show steps in a process, point out the parts of an object or explain how something works. Elevation profile Type of diagram that can be helpful when comparing the elevations of an area

Database Database - an organized collection of data.data Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia

Database Database - an organized collection of data.data Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia

Database Database - an organized collection of data.data Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia

Database Database - an organized collection of data.data Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia

Database Database - an organized collection of data.data Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia

Database Database - an organized collection of data.data Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia

Database The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information. Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia

3 rd Period

4 th Period

5 th Period

6 th Period

7 th Period

8 th Period

Database The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information. Period North America South America EuropeAfricaAsiaAustralia ALL

All Periods

ASSIGNMENT: Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data

ASSIGNMENT: Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data

ASSIGNMENT: Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data

ASSIGNMENT: Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data

ASSIGNMENT: Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data

ASSIGNMENT: Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data

ASSIGNMENT Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data