Chapter 3 Section 1 Modeling the Planet Objectives: -Explain how maps are models of Earth -Compare and contrast three types of map projections -Use latitude and longitude to describe a location on Earth

Maps A flat two-dimensional representation of Earth’s surface Those who make maps are called cartographers

Mercator Projection Depicts Earth as if a large cylinder of paper had been wrapped around the planet

Gnomonic (planar) Projection A gnomonic map projection displays all great circles as straight lines. Thus the shortest route between two locations in reality corresponds to that on the map.

Polyconic Projection A conic projection of a map having distances between meridians equal to those distances on a globe Good for representing large land masses

Hemispheres Earth divided into halves Northern and Southern hemispheres are separated by the equator Eastern and Western are divided by the prime meridian

Latitude These lines circle the world from east to west parallel to the equator. All measurements are in relation to the equator – Arctic Circle (60 0 North) – Tropic of Cancer ( North) – Equator (0 0 ) – Tropic of Capricorn ( South) – Antarctic Circle (60 0 South)

Longitude These lines circle the world from north to south. Measured east or west of the prime meridian Prime Meridian (0 0 ) International Date Line (180 0 ) – United States lies between 65 0 and west longitude.

Map Scales A ratio relating map size to earth size – For example: 1inch:1mile In this case 1 inch on a map equals 1 mile on earth

Map Scale: