500 pound gorilla vs. 150 pound human © West Educational Publishing

How much do each of their brains weigh? © West Educational Publishing

Gorilla’s Brain = 1 pound Human’s Brain = 3 pounds © West Educational Publishing

Brain to Body Ratio 1:500 Brain to Body Ratio 3:150 If the human brain were of the same ratio as the gorilla’s, our brain would only weigh 5 ounces! © West Educational Publishing

It’s an amazing 3 pound mass that separates us from all other animals! If you were to compare humans to other animals in any other area (strength, endurance, vision, hearing, and so on) humans would seem less remarkable. © West Educational Publishing

OBJECTIVES: ● List consequences that can occur if the frontal lobe is damaged. ● Discover how verbal tasks interfere with right-handed motor skills – results of the Kinsbourne & Cook study (1971) ● Describe condition known as agnosia. ● Identify which parts of the brain were activated while viewing a video clip. © West Educational Publishing

(Humming the Star Spangled Banner) Temporal Lobe “Hearing” Demonstration (Humming the Star Spangled Banner) © West Educational Publishing

FRONTAL LOBE CORE OF THE PERSONALITY © West Educational Publishing

FRONTAL LOBE If damaged, here’s a likely list of consequences: Inappropriate emotions Socially unacceptable behaviors (usually meaning fewer inhibitions) Inability to make long-range plans Easily distracted Difficulty integrating facts © West Educational Publishing

FRONTAL LOBE Example of a person with frontal lobe damage: He/she goes into the bedroom to make the bed, becomes distracted by the wallpaper, which he/she decides need to be changed, and rips it down! © West Educational Publishing

Hemisphere Dominance Demonstration © West Educational Publishing

Kinsbourne & Cook Study - 1971 Subjects completed a verbal task while balancing a wooden rod on either the left or the right finger. Subjects were able to balance the rod longer on their left finger than on their right. Apparently, a verbal task (left-hemisphere skill) interferes with a right-handed motor skill (a left-hemisphere motor-strip task). © West Educational Publishing

Imagine gazing at a running shoe, taking in the laces and the color of the stripes, drawing the shoe on a big piece of paper with crayons, yet not being able to identify the object as a shoe… © West Educational Publishing

AGNOSIA…. AKA: Mindblindness - Results from brain injury © West Educational Publishing

If a person with agnosia is able to feel the object (however), he/she can then name the object without hesitation. Several senses need to be stimulated in order for a whole picture to develop. Some people develop facial agnosia, where they may not be able to identify their own family members until they hear their voices. © West Educational Publishing

OBJECTIVES: ● Describe what the Broca’s area is and results if the area is damaged. ● Discover which of your motor strips is dominant. ● Describe the Mozart effect. ● Name/list famous left-handed people. ● Describe what split brain is & how it affects a person with a split brain.. ● Discover how to utilize both sides of the brain while taking notes. © West Educational Publishing

Wernicke’s Area Broca’s Area © West Educational Publishing

Question: If both a woman and a man have a stroke that damages this area (Broca’s area), who is more likely to recover? © West Educational Publishing

Question: If both a woman and a man have a stroke that damages this area (Broca’s area), who is more likely to recover? Brain imaging techniques reveal that many women process speech and language in both hemispheres, so a woman is much more likely to recover her verbal skills. © West Educational Publishing

WERNICKE’S area is located in the left temporal lobe and is involved in the process of understanding (processing) words we hear spoken. © West Educational Publishing

Exploration – Motor Strip Dominance Make tallies under these categories: Left Right No Preference when I ask you the following questions……. (Go with what comes first/naturally.) © West Educational Publishing

Exploration – Motor Strip Dominance Which hand do you write with? Which hand holds scissors? Which hand holds a hammer? Which arm goes first into a jacket? Which arm goes into the loop of a backpack/book bag first? Which hand is on top when you clap? Which hand deals out cards? Which foot kicks a ball? © West Educational Publishing

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Kasey Kahne & & Tom Cruise David Archuleta © West Educational Publishing

A number of studies have show the In 1998, Governor Zell Miller of Georgia made sure every baby born in his state received an audiotape with classical music on it. A number of studies have show the positive effects music can have on the brain and this was one attempt at applying some of these findings. © West Educational Publishing

THE MOZART EFFECT Study done at the University of California at Irvine. Researchers found that listening to Mozart prior to completing a spatial task improved spatial reasoning. © West Educational Publishing

SPLIT BRAIN David McNeil (@University of Chicago) Left-Hemisphere seems to specialize in linguistic coding: Syntax & Grammar Right-Hemisphere seems to specialize in imagery, which may be reflected through gestures. During discourse, it’s common for split-brain patients to speak, pause, then gesture, then resume speaking again. CONCLUSION: BOTH HEMISPHERES ARE INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE. © West Educational Publishing

SPLIT BRAIN – Story Problem Split-Brain Sam is blind-folded. With his LEFT hand, he picks up a bell. He feels it… He rings it…. He knows it’s a bell. Would he be able to SAY it is a bell? © West Educational Publishing

Story Problem (Answer) SPLIT BRAIN – Story Problem (Answer) Since he CAN HEAR it, since BOTH EARS hear the bell, both hemispheres also “hear” it, and the talking left-hemisphere would be able to say, “It’s a bell.” HOWEVER, if he just picked it up and did NOT ring it, Split-Brain Sam probably would NOT be able to verbalize that the object name is “bell.” © West Educational Publishing

Kent State (Front Campus) © West Educational Publishing

Kent State (Front Campus) HIPPOCAMPUS = MEMORIES Kent State (Front Campus) © West Educational Publishing

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Brain, Body and Behavior CHAPTER 3 The brain is remarkable in what it can do. This lecture will show that the brain plays an important part in everything we think and do. Brain, Body and Behavior © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Brain, Body and Behavior CHAPTER 3 The brain is remarkable in what it can do. This lecture will show that the brain plays an important part in everything we think and do. Brain, Body and Behavior © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Cerebral Cortex The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain and controls very high level thought processes. © West Educational Publishing EXIT

The Corpus Callosum is a thin band of tissues inside the fissure. Front The Corpus Callosum is a thin band of tissues inside the fissure. Left Right Rear © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Tasks of the Cerebral Hemispheres The brain is divided into halves. Each half, or hemisphere, controls the opposite side of the body. © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Click for more information. The Lower Brain The cerebral cortex covers, protects, and influences the lower brain structures. Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Pituitary Cerebellum Amygdala Reticular activating system Click for more information. Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebellum © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Click for more information. The Lower Brain The thalamus acts as a relay station to send incoming and outgoing messages to appropriate areas in the brain. Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Pituitary Cerebellum Amygdala Reticular activating system Click for more information. Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebellum © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Click for more information. The Lower Brain The hypothalamus controls hunger, pleasure, thirst, rage, and sexual desire. Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Pituitary Cerebellum Amygdala Reticular activating system Click for more information. Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebellum © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Click for more information. The Lower Brain The cerebellum helps you to stand upright and keeps your movements coordinated. Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Pituitary Cerebellum Amygdala Reticular activating system Click for more information. Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebellum © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Other Lower Brain Structures The Limbic System is involved with basic emotions and memory. Two important structures include the amygdala (emotional responses and aggression) the hippocampus (the formation of new memories) The Reticular Activating System keeps track of nerve impulse activity and helps regulate how alert or sleepy we feel. © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Brain Communication A NEURON is a nerve cell. It is the smallest part of the nervous system. © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Brain Communication Dendrites branch off the body of the neuron and receive impulses from other neurons. © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Brain Communication Axons gather impulses from dendrites and carry them to other neurons. © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Brain Communication The synapse is the space between the axon of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron. © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Neurotransmitters are messenger molecules (pain, pleasure, movement) © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Acetylcholine Dopamine Endorphins sends information to other nerve cells when some part of the body moves can affect memory production of this neurotransmitter can be shut down by food poisoning Dopamine involved in movement a shortage can cause Parkinson’s disease Endorphins relieve pain and increase the sense of well-being (“natural morphine”) © West Educational Publishing EXIT

The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems © West Educational Publishing EXIT

The Nervous System © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Female gonads (ovaries) The Endocrine System Pituitary gland Click on the arrows for more information. Thyroid Adrenal gland Female gonads (ovaries) Male gonads (testes) © West Educational Publishing EXIT

The Endocrine System Pituitary Gland the master gland controlled by the hypothalamus sends a message to other glands to begin working determines how tall or short a person will be Pituitary gland Click for more information. Pituitary gland Thyroid Gonads Adrenal gland © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Female gonads (ovaries) The Endocrine System The Gonads sex glands that produce either sperm or eggs used in reproduction Click for more information. Pituitary gland Thyroid Female gonads (ovaries) Gonads Adrenal gland Male gonads (testes) © West Educational Publishing EXIT

The Endocrine System The Thyroid Gland controls metabolism overactive thyroid may cause restlessness and anxiety underactive thyroid may result in sadness and even depression Thyroid Click for more information. Pituitary gland Thyroid Gonads Adrenal gland © West Educational Publishing EXIT

The Endocrine System The Adrenal Gland secretes adrenaline into the bloodstream blood pressure goes up, muscles tense, and hands tremble Adrenal gland Click for more information. Pituitary gland Thyroid Gonads Adrenal gland © West Educational Publishing EXIT

Summary of Main Topics Covered Parts of the Brain The Lower Brain Brain Communication Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The Endocrine System © West Educational Publishing EXIT