World War I The Cause The Effect and

Imperialism Imperialism caused competition among European rulers who wanted to gain more power Many ethnic groups often had very little say in their government’s decisions.

Militarism By the time World War I began, most European countries had built up large armies. Many leaders believed that force (or even just the threat of force) was the most effective way to achieve their goals. If one country mobilized their armies, others responded with similar actions.

Nationalism Love for one’s country Shifted from love for one’s community, tribe, or cultural group

Alliances Central powers: Germany, Austria- Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria Triple Entante: Russia, France, and Great Britain. Later agreements would be made with Japan, America, and Spain. Great Britain Central Powers

Triple Entante: Russia, France, and Great Britain

Pre-War Europe

Serbia Serbia gained independence from the Ottoman Empire at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 Serbia wanted to gain two territories Austria-Hungary took territory Russia and Great Britain supported Serbia Germany supported Austria-Hungary

Assassination! Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914

The Assassin Gavrilo Princip, 19 year old Serbian nationalist Tried to commit suicide Was imprisoned but died from TB and infection from arm amputation

The Ultimatum Austria-Hungary sent Serbia an ultimatum 1.) Serbian troops must be suppressed 2.) Dismiss all teachers and books that didn’t support A.H. 3.)Dismiss gov. officials that spoke against A.H. 4.)A.H. officials must participate in assassination trial. King Franz Josef

The Mechanism of War

The Red Baron Manfred von Richthofen

Toxic Gas

Gassed by John Singer Sargent

Trenches The armies set themselves up in trenches along the battle line Life was very difficult in the trenches Disease, rats, trench foot, etc.

Uncle Sam and Britannia U.S. entered WWI on April 6, 1917 by declaring war on Germany December, 1917 the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary America Joins Allies

Human Losses World War I casualties- approximately 41 million: 21 million killed and 20 million wounded. This includes 9.7 million military deaths and about 10 million civilian deaths. Entente Powers lost more than 5 million and the Central powers more than 4 million

Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and 1919 Death toll for the epidemic was numbered at around 20 million, now believed at 50 million world- wide

Roaring 20’s