Violent Land The West and the Civil War of Incorporation

The Frontier and Industrialization  Mining Operations  “Gold Rushes” and Placer Operations “Gold Rushes” and Placer Operations  Boom Towns and “Ghost Towns”“Ghost Towns”  Corporate Mining  The Anaconda Mine, Butte, Montana  Immigrants and the Division of Labor

The Railroads, Eastern Tables and Western Beef  Pacific Railroad Act (1861) Pacific Railroad Act (1861)  Eastern Tables and Western Beef: The Cattle Kingdoms  Pork vs. Beef  Texas Longhorns “8 lbs of hamburger on 800 lbs. of bone and horn.”  Joseph G. McCoy and the Chisolm TrailChisolm Trail  Gustavus Swift Gustavus Swift  Cattle Corporations

Agricultural Empire  Why did pioneers “go west?”  The Homestead Act (1862)  Homesteaders Homesteaders  Western farmers and the Capitalist Economy  Financial backing  Costs  Markets

“What an Unbranded Cow has Cost”—Frederick Remington

Violent Land?  Why the West was a violent place.  Demographic roots— “Surplus males”  “Honor cultures”  Vigilantism  The doctrine of “no duty to retreat.”  The Western Civil War of Incorporation ( )  Pro Incorporation (northern, Republican) Pro Incorporation  “Resisters” (Texan, Southern, Democrat) “Resisters”

Placer Operations

Western Mining Regions and “Ghost Towns”

American Overland Route

Cattle Trails Chisolm Trail Western Trail

Gustavus Swift

Chrisman Sisters

The David Hilton family

Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp, 1877 Wild Bill Hickock

Jesse James at 16 Jesse James as adult

James gang members killed at Northfield raid.

Jesse James at death