Introduction to Earth Science : EARTH SCIENCE: Chapter 1

Questions: ???? What is the goal of…. Art Architecture Politics Science……….????? Describe how different cultures contributed to our modern science?????

The Scientific Study of Earth China Greeks s/thales.html s/thales.html Mayans The Mayans also were gifted mathematicians who independently developed the concept of zero, and astronomers who deduced that a solar year was slightly more than 365 days. Despite these achievements, the Mayans and other Meso-American cultures failed to discover the utility of the wheel. Others…myths and legends for events…

Branches of Earth Science Geology Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy Environmental Science Interconnectedness….

Practice Quiz ___1. Predicts the weather ___2. studies air pollution ___3. Plans water supplies for cities and towns ___4. studies the eruption of volcanoes ___5. Measures the depths of the sea ___6. Studies meteorites to determine if life exists elsewhere A- Astronomy M- Meteorology G- Geology O- Oceanography

Scientific Method Make observations Form hypothesis Test hypothesis Observe Experiment Draw Conclusions Alter or Form New Hypothesis Variables: Dependent and Independent Control Group

The Extreme Future The Extreme Future by James Canton NanoTech by James Canton NanoTech

1. An example of a sensor with ______ accuracy and ______ precision Suppose a lab refrigerator holds a constant temperature of 38.0 F. A temperature sensor is tested 10 times in the refrigerator. The temperatures from the test yield the temperatures of: 39.4, 38.1, 39.3, 37.5, 38.3, 39.1, 37.1, 37.8, 38.8, This distribution shows no tendency toward a particular value and does not acceptably match the actual temperature.

2. An example of a sensor with ______ accuracy and ______ precision Suppose a lab refrigerator holds a constant temperature of 38.0 F. A temperature sensor is tested 10 times in the refrigerator. The temperatures from the test yield the temperatures of: 37.8, 38.3, 38.1, 38.0, 37.6, 38.2, 38.0, 38.0, 37.4, This distribution shows no impressive tendency toward a particular value but each value does come close to the actual temperature.

3. An example of a sensor with ______ accuracy and ______ precision Suppose a lab refrigerator holds a constant temperature of 38.0 F. A temperature sensor is tested 10 times in the refrigerator. The temperatures from the test yield the temperatures of : 39.2, 39.3, 39.1, 39.0, 39.1, 39.3, 39.2, 39.1, 39.2, This distribution does show a tendency toward a particular value but every measurement is well off from the actual temperature.

4. An example of a sensor with ______ accuracy and ______ precision Suppose a lab refrigerator holds a constant temperature of 38.0 F. A temperature sensor is tested 10 times in the refrigerator. The temperatures from the test yield the temperatures of: 38.0, 38.0, 37.8, 38.1, 38.0, 37.9, 38.0, 38.2, 38.0, This distribution does show a tendency toward a particular value and is very near the actual temperature each time.

Purpose Define the purpose(s) of this lab activity A B C a b

Procedures List of materials Methods / Directions Give steps of how to replicate the lab

Earth Science Lab (8/31/2010) Group 1Group 2Group 3Group 4AverageActual%Error 1 Hematite Calcite Graphite Chalcopyrite Galena How Accurate? How Precise? % error = (accepted value-experimental value/ E.V. ) x 100

Results Give YOUR groups results for each mineral’s specific gravity and YOUR groups error. What was your class average specific gravity for the minerals and YOUR class error.

Conclusion Evaluate the accuracy, precision, and error for your group and class on this lab activity Did your data support the following statement… the higher the specific gravity the higher the error… support. Extra credit: What material do you think cube A,B, and/or C is made of… support your reason

An example of a sensor with good/bad accuracy and good/bad precision An example of a shooter with good/bad accuracy and good/bad precision Suppose a lab refrigerator holds a constant temperature of 38.0 F. A temperature sensor is tested 10 times in the refrigerator. The temperatures from the test yield the temperatures of : 39.2, 39.3, 39.1, 39.0, 39.1, 39.3, 39.2, 39.1, 39.2, This distribution does show a tendency toward a particular value but every measurement is well off from the actual temperature.

Chapter 2 : Earth as a System

Sections Earth Basics: Introduction Earth’s Interior Earth as a Magnet Earth’s Gravity Energy in the Earth System Ecology

Section 2.3 … Ecology What is Ecology??? Define Ecosystem: Producers Consumers Decomposers Healthy ecosystem needs to have a balance of P/C/Decomps.

Balancing Forces in Ecosystems Carrying Capacity??? Ecological Responses to Change??? Ecosystems react to changes in ways that maintain or restore balance in the ecosystem… EX: organisms will migrate back into damaged areas in predictable patterns.

Energy Transfer and Food Webs As you move up the pyramid, more energy is lost at each level. The least amount of total energy is available to organisms at the top of the pyramid.

Key Theme in Ecology: Interconnectedness UV RADIATION ALERT IN PUNTA ARENAS Written by Mercopress Saturday, 14 November 2009 Punta Arenas authorities warned this weekend that especially high indexes of ultra violet (UV) radiation have been recorded and recommended that local residents take the normal precautions: limiting time exposure to the sun, wearing long sleeves and wide brim hats, UV protection sunglasses and sun cream. They also cautioned that even UV rays are equally intense an dangerous with cloudy skies Human Stewardship of the Environment: Ecological balances can be disrupted by human activity. By using fossil fuels, land and water resources, and other natural resources wisely, many people are helping keep Earth’s ecosystems in balance.