Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution

Constitution ratified in 1787

Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution Constitution ratified in 1787 Bill of Rights adopted by Congress in 1791

First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press?

Threat to assassinate president

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? Threat to assassinate president Offer a bribe to police officer

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? Threat to assassinate president Offer a bribe to police officer Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times)

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? Threat to assassinate president Offer a bribe to police officer Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) Broadcast obscenities

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? Threat to assassinate president Offer a bribe to police officer Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) Broadcast obscenities Child pornography

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? Threat to assassinate president Offer a bribe to police officer Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) Broadcast obscenities Child pornography Libel (more to come later)

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? Threat to assassinate president Offer a bribe to police officer Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) Broadcast obscenities Child pornography Libel (more to come later) However, in general, the U.S. is considered among the nations with the freest press in the world thanks to the First Amendment

Who has least press freedom?

Eritrea, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Somalia, Iran, China, Vietnam, Cuba

Who has least press freedom? Eritrea, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Somalia, Iran, China, Vietnam, Cuba Commonalities: Communist or Islamic

But on college campuses... “Hate speech” codes

But on college campuses... “Hate speech” codes University of Pennsylvania “water buffalo” case: student charged with violating speech code when he called boisterous black women students “water buffalo” (Hebrew: behema, means “foolish person”) Prosecuted by the University with threat of expulsion University grudgingly dropped charge Most campuses have them

But on college campuses “Discriminatory harassment includes conduct (oral, written, graphic or physical) directed against any person or, group of persons because of their race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or veteran's status and that has the purpose or reasonably foreseeable effect of creating an offensive, demeaning, intimidating, or hostile environment for that person or group of persons”

Highly skilled journalism professionals

History of Journalism

Luke 1:1-4 Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3 With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

Luke 1:1-4 Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled [a] among us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3 With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.a

How Mr. G would amend the preface

Somewhere, not too far from here, at this very moment, a church is feeding the homeless. A factory is making the best orange juice in the world while offering great jobs to thousands of area residents. A pharmaceutical saleswoman is introducing a new arthritis drug that will enable thousands of Sarasotans to lead better lives. A high school senior is completing his eight-mile run in the heat as he prepares for cross-country season. Just a typical day in America, in other words.

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in 1440

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it!

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! Daniel DeFoe publishes first instant book, “The Storm”

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! 1729: Ben Franklin takes over The Pennsylvania Gazette

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! 1729: Ben Franklin takes over The Pennsylvania Gazette 1776: Declaration of Independence printed throughout colonies

History of journalism Gutenberg printing press in : first weekly papers in Europe 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! 1729: Ben Franklin takes over The Pennsylvania Gazette 1776: Declaration of Independence printed throughout colonies Bill of Rights codifies freedom of press, first established in Zenger case

History of journalism: 1800s 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S.

History of journalism: 1800s 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S. 1833: “penny papers” emerge with publication of New York Sun

History of journalism: 1800s 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S. 1833: “penny papers” emerge with publication of New York Sun 1851: New York Times published

History of journalism: 1800s 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S. 1833: “penny papers” emerge with publication of New York Sun 1851: New York Times published 1880: first photo published in newspaper, whew!

History of journalism: 1800s 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S. 1833: “penny papers” emerge with publication of New York Sun 1851: New York Times published 1880: first photo published in newspaper, whew! 1890s: Era of “yellow” journalism

History of journalism: 1800s 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S. 1833: “penny papers” emerge with publication of New York Sun 1851: New York Times published 1880: first photo published in newspaper, whew! 1890s: Era of “yellow” journalism New York dailies battle it out:, NY Press, NY Sun, NY Times, NY Tribune and especially the World (Pulitzer) and Journal (W.R. Hearst)

Yellow journalism Sensationalism! Scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news Lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings Use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, pseudo- science, and a parade of false learning from so-called experts Emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, usually with comic strips (which is now normal in the U.S.) Dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system

LAF JOURNO STUDENTS EXPLOITED BY MANIAC TEACHER!!!!

Professional journalists: part deux

History of journalism: 20 th century Early 20 th century: muckrakers

Muckrakers Term comes from Pilgrim’s Progress: "the Man with the Muck-rake" who rejected salvation to focus on filth Began in early 1900 in magazines such as Collier’s, Munsey’s and McClure’s when reform-minded journalists investigated official corruption and social problems Associated with progressive movement, “social justice” Today, the term describes either a journalist who writes in the adversarial or alternative tradition or a non-journalist whose purpose in publication is to advocate for reform and change

History of journalism: 20 th century Early 20 th century: muckrakers 1920: first regular radio broadcast, CBS, NBC soon form networks

History of journalism: 20 th century Early 20 th century: muckrakers 1920: first regular radio broadcast, CBS, NBC soon form networks 1939: CBS and NBC begin regular television broadcasts

History of journalism: 20 th century Early 20 th century: muckrakers 1920: first regular radio broadcast, CBS, NBC soon form networks 1939: CBS and NBC begin regular television broadcasts 1941: FDR declares war on Japan, carried live on radio; Americans turn to radio for immediate WWII news

History of journalism: 20 th century Early 20 th century: muckrakers 1920: first regular radio broadcast, CBS, NBC soon form networks 1939: CBS and NBC begin regular television broadcasts 1941: FDR declares war on Japan, carried live on radio; Americans turn to radio for immediate WWII news Television sales boom post-war; “big three” of ABC, CBS, NBC start to emphasize television news

History of journalism: 20 th century Early 20 th century: muckrakers 1920: first regular radio broadcast, CBS, NBC soon form networks 1939: CBS and NBC begin regular television broadcasts 1941: FDR declares war on Japan, carried live on radio; Americans turn to radio for immediate WWII news Television sales boom post-war; “big three” of ABC, CBS, NBC start to emphasize television news 1963: JFK assassinated, TV becomes place to go for immediate news

History of journalism: 20 th century 1970-present: newspapers begin their decline

History of journalism: 20 th century 1970-present: newspapers begin their decline Until 1982 Sarasota had two daily newspapers. Today only the Herald-Tribune survives and its circulation today is about 73, half that of while the population of the area has more than doubled

Top newspapers 2013 Wall Street Journal: 2.3 million New York Times: 1.8 million USA Today: 1.6 million Los Angeles Times: 653,000 San Jose Mercury News: 584,000 New York Daily News: 516,000 New York Post: 500,000 Washington Post: 475,000 Chicago Sun Times: 471,000 Denver Post: 417,000

History of journalism: 20 th century 1970-present: newspapers begin their decline Until 1982 Sarasota had two daily newspapers. Today only the Herald-Tribune survives and its circulation today is about 83, half that of while the population of the area has more than doubled 1980: CNN launches, the first 24-hour news channel

History of journalism: 20 th century 1970-present: newspapers begin their decline Until 1982 Sarasota had two daily newspapers. Today only the Herald-Tribune survives and its circulation today is about 83, half that of while the population of the area has more than doubled 1980: CNN launches, the first 24-hour news channel 1981: IBM PC introduced

History of journalism: 20 th century 1970-present: newspapers begin their decline Until 1982 Sarasota had two daily newspapers. Today only the Herald-Tribune survives and its circulation today is about 83, half that of while the population of the area has more than doubled 1980: CNN launches, the first 24-hour news channel 1981: IBM PC introduced 1982: USA Today launches. ‘McPaper’ is today the 2 nd largest daily, 1.6 million circulation

History of journalism: 20 th century Late 1990s: internet moves out of academia and into the mainstream

History of journalism: 20 th century Late 1990s: internet moves out of academia and into the mainstream 1996: Drudge Report begins as report

History of journalism: 20 th century Late 1990s: internet moves out of academia and into the mainstream 1996: Drudge Report begins as report 1996: Nokia introduces first smartphones

History of journalism: 20 th century Late 1990s: internet moves out of academia and into the mainstream 1996: Drudge Report begins as report 1996: Nokia introduces first smartphones 1995 and on: LAF journalism students born... let the revolution continue!

Assignments 9/3 Read and study pages of Inside Reporting

Assignments 9/3 Read and study pages of Inside Reporting During the week, pick out three big news stories that interest you. Write a two-sentence summary of what’s going on in each story. Then, using the seven criteria of what makes news (the right column of page 17), analyze what criteria are at play in each story.