Venae Cavae and Tributaries  Superior vena cava  returns blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm  Inferior vena cava  returns blood from body regions inferior to the diaphragm  Superior and inferior vena cava  join the right atrium

Abdominal Cavity Vasculature

Figure Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation

Figure 19.20b Veins of the Head and Neck Dural Sinuses  Superior and inferior sagittal sinuses  Straight sinus  Transverse sinuses  Sigmoid sinus

Figure 19.20a Veins of the Head and Neck Venous drainage  Internal jugular veins  External jugular veins  Vertebral veins

Veins of the Upper Limbs  Deep Veins - follow the paths of companion arteries - have the same names as the companion arteries  Superficial veins - visible beneath the skin - Cephalic vein - Basilic vein - Median cubital vein - Median vein of the forearm

Veins of the Right Limb Figure 19.21a

Antecubital Fossa  Form anastomese frequently  Median cubital vein - used to obtain blood or administer IV fluids Figure 19.22

Figure 19.21b Veins of the Thorax  Azygos vein  Hemiazygos vein  Accessory hemiazygos vein

Tributaries of the Inferior Vena Cava Figure 19.23

Veins of the Hepatic Portal System Figure 19.25

Veins of the Pelvis & Lower Limbs  Deep veins  Share the name of the accompanying artery  Superficial veins  Great saphenous vein empties into the femoral vein  Small saphenous vein empties into the popliteal vein

Veins of the Right Lower Limb and Pelvis Figure 19.26a

Veins of the Right Lower Limb Figure 19.26b

Figure 19.27

Disorders of the Blood Vessels  Aneurysm  Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb  Venous disease  Microangiopathy of diabetes  Arteriovenous malformation

Blood Vessels Throughout Life Fetal Circulation  All major vessels in place by month three of development  Differences between fetal and postnatal circulation include: - fetus must supply blood to the placenta - very little blood is sent through the pulmonary circuit

Vessels to and from the Placenta  Umbilical vessels run in the umbilical cord - paired umbilical arteries - unpaired umbilical vein  Fetal vessels and structures - Ductus venosus - Ligamentum teres - Ligamentum venosum - Medial umbilical ligaments

Figure 19.28a Fetal Circulation  Shunts Away from the Pulmonary Circuit - Foramen ovale - Ductus arteriosus

Blood Vessels in Adulthood  Atherosclerosis begins in youth - consequences evident in middle to old age  Males - more atherosclerosis than females between ages 45 – 65  Females - experience heart disease and atherosclerosis later in life