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The Scramble for Africa Answer these quick knowledge questions… 1.Who said ‘Dr Livingstone I presume’ and what was the story behind this? 2.What did Livingstone discover? 3.How did Livingstone lead to the colonisation of Uganda? 4.Why did Ismail invite Britain and France into Egypt? 5.Why did Britain invade Egypt in 1882? 6.What triumphs and setbacks did Britain experience in the Sudan? 7.What elements of imperial competition meant that the Berlin West Africa Conference was called? 8.What was Bismark’s role in the conference? 9.What were the three key outcomes of the Berlin Conference? 10.What did Britain lose as a result of the Berlin Conference? 11.In 1860 who had control over different parts of South Africa? 12.What key impacts did Rhodes have on Africa? 13.What happened in 1878 which led to the Zulu War? 14.What happened at the Battle of Rorke’s Drift? 15.What happened in the first Boer War? 16.What happened in the second Boer War? 17.What attitudes were there for and against colonisation in Britain?

Explain to your partner the history of South Africa using the key dates and key names... Frere Cetshwayo 1879 Ultimatum 1878 Battle of Isandlwana Rorke’s Drift Battle of Ulundi Transvaal 1880 Majuba Hill Sandstone Convention Pretoria Convenation Rhodes Union of South Africa Three Stages First Boer War Second Boer War Zulu War

Knowledge Revision 1.Fold your paper into 4 2.Write down one of the questions in one quarter of your piece of paper 3.Add your own knowledge to do with this question 4.Add more knowledge from your notes 5.Swap a)Read what is there – can you add to it? b)Write a new question that you haven’t done yet in a different quarter c)Add your own knowledge to it d)Add more knowledge from your revision guide 6.Can you draw any links between the different questions? How did Britain take control of East Africa? How did Britain take more control of South Africa? How much support did colonisation have in Britain? Did the Berlin West Africa Conference speed up colonisation of Africa?

Add more knowledge from this slide in a sentence to your section Men on the spot Jingoism Battle of Rorke’s Drift Effective Occupation Outlaw of slavery Leopold and the Congo Explorer Liberals and Conservatives Suez Canal

The Scramble for Africa Historiography Robinson and Gallagher see it as being primarily for economic reasons – e.g. to protect trade routes Darwin sees it as being a complex combination of the metropole and periphery influenced by practicalities, imperial competition, popular opinion and economic motivations

The Scramble for Africa Present on a past-exam question… You must have some evidence of planning! To what extent was the extension of British control along the Nile Valley and within east Africa in the years 1882–98 motivated by a determination to limit the territory gained by its imperial rivals? How far did the Second Boer War (1899–1902) result in changes in British attitudes to Empire? How far do you agree that the British wish to seize control of the Boer Republic’s raw materials was the main reason for the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899? How far do you agree that expansion in Africa in the years c1875– 1914 was primarily motivated by the need to protect British interests from imperial rivals? Did the Berlin West Africa conference inhibit the British colonisation of Africa?

Decolonisation of Africa Answer these quick knowledge questions… 1.Why did decolonisation begin? Include as many reasons as you can. 2.In what ways did people want the empire to continue? Include as many ways as you can. 3.Why did people begin to criticise the empire? 4.What general reasons were there for the growth in nationalism? 5.Describe the growth of nationalism in Ghana. 6.How orderly was decolonisation? Include as many examples as you can.

Add as much information and links to the prompting pictures as you can. I’m a white settler who moved to the White Highlands as the second colonial wave in 1947.

Decolonisation of Africa Historiography Darwin… Cain and Hopkins pointed out that the British were trying to create an economic empire in order to maintain its international position well after 1945

Decolonisation of Africa Present on a past-exam question… I want to see some evidence of planning! 13 How far does Macmillan’s ‘audit of empire’ explain the speeding up of the British decolonisation process in Africa in the years 1957–65? 14 How far do you agree that the changing attitudes of the British government towards independence was the main reason for the growth of African nationalism from the late 1950s? 14 How far did the process of decolonisation of British colonies in east and west Africa lead to political instability in the newly independent countries in the 1960s and 1970s?

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To what extent did the Berlin Conference make the takeover of the African continent, in the name of the 3Cs, inevitable? Standard aim – to explain what caused the Berlin Conference Super aim – to explain what caused the Berlin Conference whilst linking them with your prior knowledge and themes Cause Sum up this cause in a word How did this cause the Berlin Conference Other Notes The French were expanding their influence in Senegal which was near British Sierra Leone. Britain was determined to hold onto the Gambia. The French had even invested in a new railway linking up their Western Colonies. Goldie, a British trader, was moving further up the river Niger, which the French also had some influence over. Eventually the British and French reached an agreement that France should leave the Niger. Leopold started signing treaties in the Congo with local tribes and said that they meant he ruled them (although in reality they were just trade agreements). France was also getting similar treaties signed in the Congo. The British and Portuguese agreed to navigate the Congo river together. Bismark (the chancellor of Germany) wanted to reconcile with France after they took Alsace-Lorraine. Bismark decided to make up by agreeing with Ferry to put pressure on Britain together over the Congo.

Key Outcomes Leopold’s authority in the Congo basin was recognised in return for which free trade to the area would be recognised – hence why it was called ‘Congo Free State’ The Europeans signed an international prohibition of the slave trade A European government in a particular region would only be recognised if it had ‘effective occupation’ of the region. This was to stop people making unfounded claims.

How united was South Africa up to 1880? The Zulus Rorke’s Drift In December 1878 the Zulus were awarded the strip of land in Natal as the Boer’s could not produce any documentary proof that the former king had given it to them. However, the new British governor and high commissioner of the cape Frere gave them this news with an ultimatum valid for 30 days, that the Zulus must allow missionaries to be restored (although they had never actually been expelled!), the King must abolish his military system and that the King must accept a British Resident (that Zulu land became a protectorate). This was issued due to the Policy of Confederation, long running feud with the Zulus, Frere trying to establish himself in his new position, and Frere whipping up a press campaign to gain support. The Zulus refused as it would effectively have meant that Cetshwayo would have had to revoke his kingship. and 30 days later the British invaded in January The British set up camp at Rorke’s Drift and sent scouts and marched some men to go and defeat the Zulus. The Zulus left Ulandi, they defeated the British at Isandhlwana. They then went around the British, and awaiting in a ravine near Rorke’s Drift so that they could not be seen.