Roman Art & Architecture

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Presentation transcript:

Roman Art & Architecture TEMPLES

GREEK TEMPLES CHARACTERISTICS Monumental Proportionate East-West alignment Peripteral Raised on 3 steps Architectural order Architectural style

1. Monumental. Greek temples are huge and magnificent

2. Proportionality Pythagorean Golden Ratio Euclid translated to geometry Phidias translated it to architecture

GREEK TEMPLES The Parthenon, Athens Reconstruction of the Parthenon

Dawn in the Parthenon, Athens. East-West axis (facing east) 3. East- West alignment Dawn in the Parthenon, Athens. East-West axis (facing east)

4. peripteral Think of perimeter. Peri means “around”. You can walk right around a peripteral temple in a colonnade (sheltered walkway) called a peristyle.

5. Raised on 3 steps stylobate is the floor of the temple Other 2 steps are the stereobate

6. Architectural order Doric Ionic Corinthian architrave Plain capital volutes acanthus (ram-horns) leaves fluted or unfluted shaft drums no base base base stylobate

7. Architectural Style Count the columns of the facade in Greek Tetrastyle (4) Hexastyle (6) Octostyle (8) Decastyle (10)

ETRUSCAN or TUSCAN TEMPLES Characteristics Frontal Raised on a podium Accessed by flight of steps Different plan

Rome was founded in 753BC But Italy was already inhabited by a variety of cultures: Native Italic peoples like the Samians, Oscans and Umbrians Celts (Gauls) in the northern Alpine region Greeks in the South and Sicily and the most dominant in the vicinity of Rome were the ETRUSCANS who were a Punic people (Phoenicians originally)

Terracotta model of an Etruscan temple at Veii, near Rome. 1. Frontal 2. Raised on a podium 3. Accessed by steps 4. Different plan

Tuscan Temple v Greek Temple

3 Vitruvian Principles of Architecture Vitruvius was a Roman architect of the Augustan period who wrote a famous book called De Architectura (On Architecture). According to the Vitruvian scheme of architecture a building must conform to 3 principles. 3 Vitruvian principles of architecture: firmitas - it must be made of durable material utilitas - it must be functional venustas - it must be beautiful

Maison Carree, Nimes, France The Vitruvian temple is a hybrid of the Tuscan and Greek temples

Roman Rectangular Temple FRONTAL PERIPTERAL Tuscan Temple Greek Temple