Extending Spanish & French Power

Charles V & The Hapsburg Empire  By 1500s, Spain had emerged as the first modern European power  Charles V inherited a huge empire- Spain AND the Austrian Hapsburg Empire (Holy Roman Empire & Netherlands) Ruling two empires=constant warfare Ruling two empires=constant warfare Eventually gave up his titles & divided his empire Eventually gave up his titles & divided his empire

Philip II & Divine Right  Son of Charles V  Sought to expand Spanish influence, strengthen the Catholic Church & make his own power absolute  Absolute Monarch- A ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people Divine Right- belief that the authority to rule comes directly from God Divine Right- belief that the authority to rule comes directly from God Defended the Catholic ChurchDefended the Catholic Church

Spanish Armada  Philip II prepared a huge armada- fleet of ships, to invade England  Spanish were confident of victory Large Spanish ships took losses from lighter, faster English ships Large Spanish ships took losses from lighter, faster English ships Spanish were defeated Spanish were defeated  Results: Ended Philip’s plan to invade England Ended Philip’s plan to invade England Spain’s naval superiority dwindled Spain’s naval superiority dwindled

Rebuilding France  Henry IV Huguenot (French Protestant) who converted to Catholicism Huguenot (French Protestant) who converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes- Granted Huguenots religious toleration Edict of Nantes- Granted Huguenots religious toleration Government reached into every area of French life Government reached into every area of French life Laid foundation for French absolutism- government in which ALL power is vested in a single ruler Laid foundation for French absolutism- government in which ALL power is vested in a single ruler  Cardinal Richelieu Sought to destroy power of Huguenots and nobles (two groups that didn’t bow to royal authority) Defeated private noble and Huguenot armies

Louis XIV  “Sun King”- Sun as a symbol of absolute power  “I am the state.”  Strengthened royal power Appointed intendants- royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out his policies Appointed intendants- royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out his policies Cemented ties between middle class & monarchCemented ties between middle class & monarch Army became the largest in Europe Army became the largest in Europe His finance minister bolstered the economy His finance minister bolstered the economy

Palace of Versailles  Most magnificent building in Europe  Perfect symbol of Louis XIV’s wealth & power  King’s home, as well as housed nobles, officials & servants Keep your friends close, keep your enemies closer Keep your friends close, keep your enemies closer

Palace of Versailles  Court Ceremonies Elaborate ceremonies that emphasized Louis’ importance Elaborate ceremonies that emphasized Louis’ importance Each day began with a levee- morning ritual in which high-ranking nobles would wait on the king Each day began with a levee- morning ritual in which high-ranking nobles would wait on the king Nobles living at Versailles were less of a threat to Louis Nobles living at Versailles were less of a threat to Louis  Cultural Flowering Sponsored musical entertainments and commissioned plays Classical age of French drama Painting, music, architecture & decorative arts- France was the model for the rest of Europe Ballet gained its popularity in France

Successes & Failures  Louis XIV ruled for 72 years, far longer than any other monarch  Poured vast resources into wars to expand French borders  Balance of Power- A distribution of military & economic power that would prevent any one nation from dominating Europe  Persecution of the Huguenots

Louis XIV: Do you agree or disagree?  For each of these policies set forth by Louis XIV, tell me whether you agree or disagree and why (in a few sentences). Be prepared to discuss. More info: pgs Political Philosophy Political Philosophy Economic Policies Economic Policies Personal living arrangements Personal living arrangements Cultural achievements Cultural achievements Treatment of the Huguenots Treatment of the Huguenots