URBAN STREAM REHABILITATION

INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES & IMPACTS INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES & IMPACTS INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES & IMPACTS INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES & IMPACTS BENEFITS / IMPACTS BENEFITS / IMPACTS BENEFITS / IMPACTS BENEFITS / IMPACTS CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES SITE MONITORING SITE MONITORING SSSS IIII TTTT EEEE M M M M OOOO NNNN IIII TTTT OOOO RRRR IIII NNNN GGGG INDICATORS OF SUCCESS INDICATORS OF SUCCESS INDICATORS OF SUCCESS INDICATORS OF SUCCESS SOCIAL APPRAISAL SOCIAL APPRAISAL SOCIAL APPRAISAL SOCIAL APPRAISAL AESTHETICS REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES THE URBEM FRAMEWORK THE URBEM FRAMEWORK THE URBEM FRAMEWORK THE URBEM FRAMEWORK

SITE MONITORING

The Water Framework Directive establishes a framework for protection of all waters (inland surface water, coastal water, groundwater, rivers). The main objectives are:  Prevent any further deterioration and protect the water resources  Enhance protection and improvement of the current aquatic environment up to “Good ecological status”  Contribute to mitigate the effects of floods and droughts The monitoring of water resources is an essential part of assessing the potential of an urban river rehabilitation as it allows the scientist to identify the pressures on the catchment and the necessary remedies. Monitoring in the URBEM project has been split in several categories, representing different types of data in accordance with the water framework directive MONITORING IN EUROPE Monitoring according to the Water Framework Directive Next

 Monitoring data were gathered from five different case studies in Europe. The parameters were divided in five sections, hydrological and hydraulic data, water chemistry, water biology and socio-economic and well-being data  Each section contains a list of parameters and each case study had to submit the available data and were scored according to the quantity and quality of the data using the water framework directive guidance document  Two Ms Excel spreadsheet for Ouseburn and Ljubljana data are available here. In these spreadsheet you will find monitoring data (water chemistry and biology) and also a short description of the river basin issues  The following slides will introduce you to the importance of monitoring data for a urban rivers and its implication in the water framework directive. These two components are illustrated in the description of the different case studies dataset URBEM Work Package 3 description

Pressures on urban rivers  Pollution from point and diffuse sources (farm runoff, industry discharges)  Alteration of flow regime (abstraction, discharge, navigation)  Alteration of the morphology of the river (flood, sediment transport, building site impact) In order to assess the different pressures and their impact on the river, a set of quality elements are monitored by the different statutory agencies in Europe

The Water Framework Directive introduced a minimum monitoring regime for any rivers, three types of data are monitored: 1.Biological quality elements (macro- invertebrates, fish,etc) 2.Hydromorphological quality elements (water flow, bed structure, etc) 3.Chemical and physico-chemical quality elements (temperature, salinity, conductivity, etc)

PhytoplanktonFishBenthic AlgaeMacrophytes Benthic Invertebrates composition, abundace and planctonic blooms, presence of sesitive taxa composition and abundance, sensitive species diversity, age structure composition and abundance presence of diversity taxa composition and abundance presence of diversity taxa composition, abundance diversity and presence of diversity taxa MEASURED PARAMETERS integrated sample(3- 4 m), depth sample nets, electrofisher CEN standard under development ISO 8265 (surber sample), 7828 (handnet), 9391(grab) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY monthly/ quaterlyannual quaterly /6 monthly 6 month/ annualy TYPICAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY NO EXISTING MONITORING SYSTEM MEETS REQUIREMENT OF WFD Water Framework Directive guidelines on monitoring

Nutrients Acidification statusSalinity Oxigenation conditionsThermal condition TP, TN, SRP, NO3+, NO2, NH4 pH,ANC, alcalinity conductivity, Ca concentration DO2 (mg/l)temperature MEASURED PARAMETERS sample collection in field followed by lab analyses same as temp, sample collection same as temp same as temperature or sample collection and winklers titration in-situ using submersible probe SAMPLING METHODOLOGY fortnightly/ monthly more frequently during flooding fortnightly/ monthly TYPICAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY YES EXISTING MONITORING SYSTEM MEETS REQUIREMENT OF WFD Water Framework Directive guidelines on monitoring

Structure of the riparian zone Structure and substrate of the river bed River depth & width variations River continuity Connection to ground water bodies Quality and dynamics of water flow length, width, species present, continuity, ground cover cross-sections, particle size and location of cwd river cross- section, flow number and type of barrier,and associated provision for fish passage water table height, surface water discharge historical flows, modelled flows, real time flows, current velocity MEASURED PARAMETERS annual every 5-6 years 6 months, depending on climatology, and geology in-situ,real time TYPICAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY NO EXISTING MONITORING SYSTEM MEETS REQUIREMENT OF WFD Water Framework Directive guidelines on monitoring

3. URBEM case studies location Newcastle Lyon Ljubljana Wien Weidigtbach

Rehabilitation Objectives for the different case studies Chaudanne Reducing by half both peak flow and volumes coming from the Combined Sewer Overflow using stormwater detention basins Ljubljana Flood issues and water quality issues impacting on the fish population in the Ljubljana urban rivers (Gradascisca, Mali Graben and Gliniscica) Ouseburn Barrage at the mouth of the river to improve the visual appearance of the river (siltation issue) and its water quality in its lower part (CSO’s, wildlife corridor). These schemes will permit the regeneration of the lower part of the catchment. River habitat restoration/flooding scheme near a new housing development, mixing housing and parkland in the upper part of the catchment Weidigtbach Renaturalisation of the bed along the whole river stretch Wien Reduce flood hazards in the urban river reach by creating or enhancing three retention schemes along the river Wien (Auhof, Mauerbach and Wienerwaldsee). The reconstruction of the reservoirs will also serve ecological and recreational purposes Description Decision-Makers slides

URBEM monitoring database summary URBEM database

Public slides  Every member of the public approaches differently the river environment and the water quality and quantity is associated to quality as they used the river environment mostly through associated activities such as dog walking, running, meeting people, practising sports, etc)  The river and its surroundings are generally assessed through the human senses: sight, smell, hearing, touch, feeling. Sight (color, floating litter, bank and river vegetation) Touch and feeling (temperature, floating litter) Smell (sewage and industry discharge )

Biological sampling Mayfly nymphs are sensitive to chemical pollution in the water and used in biological monitoring (benthic invertebrates ) Cladophora sp. blooms as a result of high phosphate levels in the water, this mainly due to human activities discharging to the river (detergent using phosphate, inadequate sewage treatment, etc) Fish such as this perch are an indicator of excellent water quality and therefore rarely found in urban river environment

Chemical and physico-chemical sampling Excel page Chemical and physico-chemical monitoring can be assessed using a state-of-the-art multi-functional sampler able to sample chemical (nitrate, phosphate) and physico- chemical (temperature, pH, turbidity, etc) at the same time A wide range of chemical and physico-chemical quality elements (temperature, water height, nutrient, etc) can be measured using different types of diver

Monitoring in URBEM case study: Chaudanne, France Images Copyright Cemagref Lyon Sampling laboratory in situ Pump to extract water for chemistry sampling Surface water drain discharging during storms Water quality sampling Hyporheic sampling instrument

Case study: Ljubljana, Slovenia Excel page

Case study: Newcastle, UK Excel page