Ch.4. Acid Mines Drainages (AMD)

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Presentation transcript:

Ch.4. Acid Mines Drainages (AMD) Exposure of the reduced minerals by mine excavating Oxidation of the reduced minerals producing acids Pyrite is the primary source of the acid

Pyrite FeS2 Most frequently observed sulfide in crust Oxidized to produce acid, causing severe environmental problems such as AMD and acid rain http://mineralminers.com/html/pytmins.stm

Pyrite Oxidation Complex multistep process (Luther, 1997; Rimstidt and Vaughn; 2003) Microbial vs. abiotic Bulk reaction pathways: FeS2 + 3.5O2+H2O = Fe2+ + 2SO42-+2H+ (R1) FeS2+14Fe3++8H2O = 15Fe2++SO42-+16H+ (R2) Fe2++0.25O2+H+ = Fe3++0.5H2O (R3) Dominated by microbial oxidation in nature

Microbes capable of oxidizing pyrite

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (Old name: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) Gram negative acidophillic chemolithoautotroph

Imgok Creek, Imgok, Korea 1996

Rio Tinto, Spain http://wiki.biomine.skelleftea.se/wiki/index.php/Image:AMD_in_Rio_Tinto_river.jpg

Environmental Impacts by AMD Atheistically bad due to the precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxides Degrading water quality and limiting water resources due to Low pH High concentrations of toxic metals Lack of O2 Turbidity & coating by the Fe-ppts Destruction of water ecosystem

Treatment of AMD Active Passive Physical: Aeration Bubbling Mechanical mixing Chemical: Oxidation Dissolution Neutralization Biological Accelerating the oxidation Prohibiting the oxidation Passive Swamp Reactive beds

Treating Acid Mine Drainage in Vintondale http://pruned.blogspot.com/2008/02/treating-acid-mine-drainage-in.html

Ch.4. Other Environmental Problems in Mining Area Noises Dusts Accidents Subsidence

Black Lung From http://www.graphicshunt.com/health/images/black_lung-577.htm

From http://www. courier-journal

From http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/mining/risks.html

Subsidence in Eumsung, Choongcheongbukdo, May 24, 2008 From http://www.donga.com/fbin/output?n=200805240249

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