Day 2 – Discussion and Exercises Group One – Sweden Day 2 – Discussion and Exercises

Monday- what did we learn? Conceptualizing and perceiving culture What culture is, the four generic types Individualism & Collectivism Cultural values and practices Why paradoxes are important Proper introductions Stereotypes Ex- Trans - & Re- Patriots Changing culture - china

The GLOBE Study What is it? The point? It was a 10 year research project of Global Leadership Organizational Behavior Effectiveness program The point? To increase available knowledge that is relevant to cross- cultural interactions. That is that leadership effectiveness is embedded in societal norms and beliefs.

First step gauging leadership effectiveness Establishing nine cultural dimensions Built on findings of Hofstede USA – Anglo Sweden – Nordic Norway – Nordic China – Confucian Japan – Confucian Italy – Latin European Switzerland – LE / Germanic Spain (2) – Latin European Germany - Germanic

6 Leadership styles Performance -Oriented style – stresses high standards, decisiveness, and innovation; seeks to inspire people around a vision; creates a passion among them to perform; and does so by firmly holding on to core values Team- oriented- instills pride, loyalty, and collaboration among organizational members; and highly values team cohesiveness and a common purpose or goal. Participated style – encourages input from others in decision- making and implementation; and emphasizes delegation and equality.

Humane style – stresses compassion and generosity, and it is patient, supportive, and concerned with the well-being of others Autonomous style – is characterized by an independent, individualistic, and self-centric approach to leadership Self-protective (and group) – emphasizes procedural, status conscious, and “face-saving “ behaviors; and focuses on the safety and security of the individual group.

Discussion Questions

Question 1 “How do individualism and collectivism relate to frames of reference and selfishness?”

Question 2 “There are several definitions of culture in this chapter. Which specific definition do you prefer? Why? What do you consider to the three most essential features of any definition of culture? Why?”

Question 3 “Why do the GLOBE researches distinguish between values and practices? Describe one situation you have personally encountered that highlights this distinction”

Question 4 - Michele Gelfand & Karen Holcombe’s study Answer this question based on your country’s point of view: A controversy has developed in your workplace, and you need to take a position. Which is your most likely course of action? You assemble all the facts and make up your mind You discuss it with your boss and support his or her position You discuss it with your peers and take their views into account You consider which position will most likely benefit you in the future

Results of question A Answer choice A:You assemble all the facts and make up your mind Horizontal Individualism Answer choice B: You discuss it with your boss and support his or her position Vertical Collectivism Answer choice C: You discuss it with your peers and take their views into account Horizontal Collectivism Answer choice D: You consider which position will most likely benefit you in the future Vertical Individualism

Triandis – four generic types of culture HI, Horizontal Individualism: a low degree of power distance and a high degree of individualism Equality-Matching cultures VC, Vertical Collectivism: a high degree of both power distance and collectivism Authority-Ranking cultures HC, Horizontal Collectivism: low degree of power distance and a high degree of collectivism Community sharing cultures VI, Vertical Individualism: a high degree of both power distance and individualism Market-Pricing cultures

Which factor is most important when hiring an employee? The applicant: Is easy to get along with Has been an especially valued employee by a competitor Is a relative Is a respected member of your community

Question B - results Answer choice A: Is easy to get along with Horizontal Individualism Answer choice B: Has been an especially valued employee by a competitor Vertical Individualism Answer choice C: Is a relative Horizontal Collectivism Answer choice D: Is a respected member of your community Vertical Collectivism

Question 5 “What are demographic groups and cultural groups? How do they differ? Please give specific examples. “

Question 6 “Please site and explain one factor not described in the chapter that nullifies the importance of culture. “ The power of the United States Many countries today are effected by western culture Example: establishing a new government in the Middle East

Exercise