Data SnapShot Series 1.0 March 2015 DATA SNAPSHOT Jackson County

2 Hometown Collaboration Initiative This report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.

Table of contents Introduction 01 Demography 02 Economy 03 Labor Market 04

​ Purpose ​ About Jackson County 01 introduction

5 Purpose ​ This document provides information and data about Jackson County that can be used to guide local decision- making activities. ​ The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county. ​ To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented. ​ Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings. Introduction section 01

6 About Jackson County Introduction section 01 County Background Established1816 County Seat Brownstown Area514 sq. mi. Neighboring Counties Bartholomew, IN Brown, IN Jennings, IN Lawrence, IN Monroe, IN Scott, IN Washington, IN

​ Population change ​ Population pyramids ​ Race ​ Ethnicity ​ Educational attainment ​ Takeaways 02 demography

8 Population change Components of Population Change, Total Change2,865* Natural Increase2,219 International Migration1,359 Domestic Migration-500 The total population is projected to remain about the same between 2013 and Demography ​ Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2013 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change section 02 The total population increased by 5 percent between 2000 and The major contributor to that expansion was natural increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) with a net growth of over 2,200 persons. Data on domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) show that out-migration outpaced in-migration by more than 500 people. On the other hand, international migration had a net increase of 1,300, indicating that the county experienced an influx of new people from outside the U.S. Total population projections *Estimation residuals are leading to a total change in population that differs from the sum of the components.

9 Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender. Approximately 50.7% of the population was female in 2000 (20,949 people), and that percent remained about the same in What did change is the distribution of people across the various age categories. A larger share of people shifted into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2013 time period. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 In particular, people 60 and over swelled from 7.2% to 9.4% for males, and from 10.3% to 11.5% for females between 2000 and Individuals of prime working age years old -- dipped from 22.2% to 19.8% for males, and from 21.1% to 18.8% for females. Also declining were the percent of residents under 20 years of age. Male Female Male Female

10 Race The number of non-White residents in Jackson County increased by two percentage points between 2000 and While every race experienced a numerical increase, the number of individuals classified as Asian or of Two or More Races increased, fueling the doubling of the percent of residents classified as nonwhite between 2000 and Demography ​ Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section

11 Ethnicity Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry is from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish- speaking Central or South American country. There were 1,112 Hispanics residing in Jackson County in This figure expanded to 2,697 by 2013—a percent increase. As a result, Hispanics now make up 6 percent of the overall population, a significant increase since Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 6%6% 3%3% Hispanics Hispanics

12 Educational attainment Jackson County had a 5 percentage point increase between 2000 and 2013 in the proportion of adults (25 and older) with an associates, bachelors, or graduate degree. The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 80 percent in 2000 to 86 percent by Those with only a high school degree remained at the 47 percent level in both 2000 and Adults with an associates degree grew by 2 percentage points from 2000 to 2013 (5 percent versus 7 percent), while the proportion with a college degree or more increased from 11 percent 14 percent over that same time period. While educational attainment is improving in Jackson County, the number of adults with Associate degrees or higher continues to lag behind the Indiana rate of 32 percent. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 ACS section

13 Takeaways ​ The population of Jackson County has experienced growth since 2000, and that growth has been fueled largely by two factors: natural increase and international migration. These two factors compensated for the loss of population due to net migration (more people who moved out of the county for other counties in Indiana or other U.S. locations than moved into the county). ​ In examining the composition of Jackson County, one finds that a larger share of the population is now 50 years of age and over. As such, the number of men and women of prime working age (20-29, and 40-49) is slowly declining. Furthermore, the county is becoming more diverse as a result of the growth of the Hispanic population. ​ The educational attainment of adults 25 and over has improved since 2000, but the percent ​ of adults with a high school education remains sizable (at 47%). Taking time to assess whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree may be worthy of attention. While 1 in 5 adult residents of the county have an associates, bachelors, or higher education, this figure is about 11 percent below the figure for the state of Indiana as a whole. ​ Jackson County may wish to assess the workforce skills of workers with a high school education only. Enhancing their skills so that they match the needs of local businesses and industries may be a worthy investment. Demography section 02

​ Establishments ​ Industries ​ Occupations ​ Income and poverty ​ Takeaways 03 economy

15 Establishments Components of Change for Establishments Total Change ( ) 780 Natural Change (births minus deaths) 778 Net Migration 2 The number of establishments in Jackson County increased 33% from 2000 to The rapid growth of establishments was largely due to natural change. In particular, 2,723 establishments were launched in the county between while 1,945 closed, resulting in a gain of 778 establishments. There was only a gain of 2 establishments due to net migration. Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments. Definition of Company Stages Self- employed 2-9 employees employees employees 500+ employees Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Establishment information was calculated in-house and may differ slightly from publicly available data.

16 Number of establishments by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section StageEstablishmentsProportionEstablishmentsProportion Stage %99332% Stage 1 1,34357%1,78757% Stage %31110% Stage 3 362%281% Stage 4 60%4 Total 2,343100%3,123100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees.

17 Number of jobs by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section StageJobsProportionJobsProportion Stage %9934% Stage 1 4,83120%5,55324% Stage 2 7,80133%7,87735% Stage 3 5,90425%4,92922% Stage 4 4,43819%3,30015% Total 23,628100%22,652100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.

18 Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section StageSalesProportionSalesProportion Stage 0 $74,664,3282%$64,158,8342% Stage 1 $587,069,23117%$567,922,88619% Stage 2 $977,960,38729%$789,731,35926% Stage 3 $859,248,31225%$1,201,083,86439% Stage 4 $894,126,17027%$435,380,49614% Total $3,393,068,427100%$3,058,277,439100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.

19 Top five industries in percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Jackson County. Manufacturing is the largest industry sector (6,186 jobs). Accommodation & Food Services is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 1,626 jobs. Of the top five industries in Jackson County, Government (+14.1%) and Accommodation & Food Services (+13.2%) gained jobs between 2002 and Of the other three top five industries, Transportation & Warehousing lost the most, with a 32.9% decrease in jobs. Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

20 Industry distribution and change NAICS Code Description Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change ( ) % Change ( ) Earnings Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 1,2021, % $33,527 21Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction % $156,947 22Utilities % $91,265 23Construction 1, % $36, Manufacturing 6,7456, % $61,783 42Wholesale Trade % $50, Retail Trade 2,9562, % $25, Transportation & Warehousing 2,6891, % $55,949 51Information % $34,047 52Finance & Insurance % $38,839 53Real Estate & Rental & Leasing % $25,717 54Professional, Scientific & Technical Services % $32,142 55Management of Companies and Enterprises % $75,489 56Administrative & Waste Management 6261, % $25,050 61Educational Services (Private) % $13,991 62Health Care & Social Assistance 1,2461, % $36,430 71Arts, Entertainment & Recreation % $14,509 72Accommodation and Food Services 1,4361, % $15,690 81Other Services (except Public Administration) 1,1721, % $18,881 90Government 2,6393, % $54,066 99Unclassified Industry < % $0 AllTotal 25,26924, % $42,817 Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

21 Industry distribution and change The largest percentage gains in employment in Jackson County occurred in:  Administrative, Support, Waste Management, and Remediation Services ( percent)  Wholesale Trade (+35.0 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in:  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (-76.7 percent)  Transportation and Warehousing (-32.9 percent) Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 Employment Increase Employment Decrease Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Administrative & Waste Management (+665) Government (+372) Agriculture & Forestry (+280) Transportation & Warehousing (-885) Manufacturing (-559) Construction (-390)

22 Top five occupations in 2013 The top five occupations in Jackson County represent 56.7 percent of all jobs. Production (4,184 jobs) and Transportation & Material Moving (2,747 jobs) are the top two occupations in Jackson County. Management is the smallest of the top five occupations with 1,896 jobs. All five top occupations in Jackson County had a decrease in jobs between 2002 and However, Transportation & Material Moving experienced the largest drop (-18.0%), while Management suffered the smallest decline (-0.6%). Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

23 SOCDescription Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change ( ) % Change ( ) Hourly Earnings Management 1,9071, % $ Business & Financial Operations % $ Computer & Mathematical % $ Architecture & Engineering % $ Life, Physical & Social Science % $ Community & Social Service % $ Legal % $ Education, Training & Library % $ Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media % $ Health Care Practitioners & Technical % $ Health Care Support % $ Protective Service % $ Food Preparation & Serving Related 1,4011, % $ Building & Grounds Cleaning Maintenance % $ Personal Care & Service % $ Sales & Related 2,7812, % $ Office & Administrative Support 2,8032, % $ Farming, Fishing & Forestry % $ Construction & Extraction 1, % $ Installation, Maintenance & Repair 1,1121, % $ Production 4,4484, % $ Transportation & Material Moving 3,3522, % $ Military % $ Unclassified % $11.31 AllTotal 25,26924, % $16.96 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

24 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 The largest percentage gains in jobs in Jackson County occurred in:  Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (+73.4 percent)  Education, Training, and Library (+22.9 percent) The largest percentage loss in employment occurred in:  Computer and Mathematical (-25.0 percent)  Construction and Extraction (-23.3 percent) Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment between 2002 & 2013: Farming, Fishing, & Forestry (+229) Food Preparation & Serving (+193) Transportation (-650) Construction (-285) Production (-264) Employment Increase Employment Decrease

25 Income and poverty Total Population in Poverty 7.8%10.4%12.9% Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty 11.0%14.6%17.8% Real Median Income (2013) $53,315 $49,163 $49,614 The median income in Jackson County dipped by $3,700 between 2000 and 2013 in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation). The total population in poverty swelled from 7.8 percent to 12.9 percent between 2000 and The rate for minors was even higher, increasing by nearly 7 percentage points over the same period of time. Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) section 03

26 Income and poverty Median income in Jackson County has experienced significant fluctuation over time, improving since Poverty rates for adults and minors have stabilized over the past two years, although the rates remain high relative to the early 2000s. Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) section 03

27 Takeaways ​ Growth in the number of establishments in Jackson County occurred primarily in businesses with fewer than 10 employees (the self-employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked but deserve closer attention by local leaders. ​ Jackson County might consider focusing on economic development efforts that seek to strengthen high-growth Stage 1 and 2 firms since they employ several people and capture sizable sales. At the same time, sales associated with Stage 3 firms have expanded at an impressive pace since 2000, but determining the factors that may have contributed to the loss of Stage 3 establishments in the county is worthy of attention. Real median income has undergone some dramatic swings since 2000, but recent trends suggest that things are improving. So too are the poverty rates for adults and children under 18 years of age. While these poverty rates have dipped since 2011, they remain considerably higher than was the case in Fluctuations in real median income experienced between 2000 and 2013 may be tied to employment changes in various industries in the county during that time period. For example, gains have occurred in some industries paying average earnings of $50,000 or more between 2000 and At the same time, several industries that have experienced solid job growth are providing employees with average earnings of under $35,000. No doubt, the ability of the county to capture good paying jobs will depend on the availability of a well- trained and educated workforce, something that may be challenging in light of the smaller percentage of adults in the county with an associates degree or higher. Economy section 03

​ Labor force and unemployment ​ Commuteshed ​ Laborshed ​ Takeaways 04 labor market

29 Labor force and unemployment Labor Force 22,01221,465 Unemployment Rate 4.9%6.2% The labor force in Jackson County decreased by 2.5 percent between 2002 and This decrease could be due to a rise in the number of individuals who are either officially unemployed or who have given up looking for a job, or an increase in the number of adults who have left the workforce due to retirement. Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics section 04

30 Unemployment rate Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 11.2% in Since that time, the rate has been on a steady decline, dipping to 6.2% by Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics section 04

31 Commuteshed A county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its labor force travels to work. Fifty percent of employed residents in Jackson County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Bartholomew County is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of Jackson County. Twenty-six percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Jackson county; however, the second largest work destination outside Jackson County is the Indianapolis metropolitan area (Marion County). Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 9,106 Out-Commuters 9,112 Same Work/ Home CommutersProportion Bartholomew, IN 2, % Marion, IN 1,6809.2% Monroe, IN % Jennings, IN % Scott, IN %

32 Commuteshed in 2011 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD Seventy percent of Jackson County’s working residents are employed either in Bartholomew or Jackson Counties. Another five percent commute to Marion County. An additional five percent travel to jobs in Monroe County. Collectively, these four counties represent 80 percent of the commuteshed for Jackson County.

33 Laborshed CommutersProportion Jennings, IN 1,2666.8% Bartholomew, IN 1,2306.6% Scott, IN % Clark, IN % Marion, IN % Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 9,563 In-Commuters 9,112 Same Work/ Home A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees. Fifty-one percent of individuals working in Jackson County commute from another county. Twenty-two percent of in-commuters reside in counties adjacent to Jackson County; however, the fifth largest source of laborers outside of Jackson County is the Indianapolis metropolitan area (Marion County).

34 Laborshed in 2011 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD The bulk (70 percent) of Jackson County’s workforce is drawn from Bartholomew, Clark, Jackson, Jennings, and Scott Counties. Another five percent is drawn from Decatur, Floyd, Jefferson, and Johnson Counties. Furthermore, an additional five percent are drawn from Lawrence, Marion, and Washington Counties. Combined, the twelve counties represent 80 percent of Jackson County’s laborshed.

35 Takeaways ​ The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a major toll on the Jackson County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was quite low in 2000, it skyrocketed to over 11 percent by Recent figures make clear that the unemployment rate has improved significantly since ​ Despite the modest growth in the population over the past decade or more, the county’s labor force has decreased in size since While it is difficult to pinpoint the exact reason for the drop in the county’s labor force, two possible explanations are as follows. First, an increasing number of unemployed individuals may be discouraged workers who have given up trying to find a job. Or second, more people in the workforce have opted to retire and their positions have been eliminated or left unfilled. ​ Approximately 50 percent of Jackson County’s residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a tremendous loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county. By so doing, they could be positioned to determine how best to reduce the leakage of educated and skilled workers to surrounding counties by spurring the growth of good paying jobs that will keep these workers in their home county. ​ The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development strategies on a regional (multi-county) basis. Labor market section 04

36 Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension. Data Analysis Indraneel Kumar, PhD Ayoung Kim Report Authors Elizabeth Dobis Bo Beaulieu, PhD Report Design Tyler Wright

​ FOR MORE INFORMATION Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD)... seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity. Purdue Extension Community Development (CD)... works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. Please contact PCRD Mann Hall, Suite 266 Purdue University