GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Systematic Protocol Design for Vehicular Networks Rahul Mangharam, Mark Hamilton, Prof. Raj Rajkumar Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Priyantha Mudalige & Fan Bai General Motors Research Center, Warren, U.S.A.

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Current State of Vehicular Network Design Network Simulators ns2 Network Simulator ITS Simulators CORSIM Micro-simulation VISSIM TRANSIMS VANET Hybrid-Simulator

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory GrooveNet Protocol Design Approach PHASE I Protocol Requirements Initial Design with Analytical Bounds Simulation with Behavioral Analysis PHASE II On-Road Test Implementation Prototype I Prototype II After-Market & OEM Design Rapid Prototyping Model Validation

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Protocol Requirements Alert Zone with delay-sensitive messages Warning Zone with persistent messages ProtocolGoalProblem Solution Approach Safety Traffic Reporting Telematics Bounded Broadcast Scheduled Latency Storm Flooding Message Disconnected Adaptive Persistence Network Rebroadcast End-to-End Rapid Topology ? Connectivity Changes Heterogeneous Networks

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Why do we need Hybrid Simulation? Real Vehicle DSRC Link Real Vehicle Virtual Vehicles (Simulated on VOD) V 0 V 1 V 2 V 3 V 4 …. V n-1 V n Key Benefits Scaling Effects - Observe impact of Traffic Density Remote Monitoring of On-road Experiments Rapid Prototyping – Same models from Simulation to Deployment Model Validation – Evaluate Correctness Vehicle Operations Director (VOD) Cellular Link

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory On-board Diagnosis OBD-II Event Trigger DGPS Positioning GrooveNet Hybrid Simulator Design Map Database (ASCII) Log Files Network Visualization DSRC xRTTEVDO Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network Interfaces Simulator Test File GrooveNet Simulator Core Mobility Model Trip Model Car Model Network Model Other Models GrooveNet Topology Graph (binary) Event Queue

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Test Setup

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Boston Case Study

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory New York – Unbounded Flooding

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory New York – Geographic Flooding

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Car Following Model

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Traffic Signal Model

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Modular Architecture Car Model GPS Mode Simulator Mode Network Mode Random Waypoint Visualizer Map Visual Car List Visual PHY Model Simple PHY Collision PHY Multi-Channel PHY Comm. & Link Model Adaptive Re-broadcast Groove Re-broadcast Mobility Model Fixed Mobility Street Speed Uniform Speed Car Following Traffic Light Model Infrastructure Node Model Trip Model Random Walk Djikstra Sightseeing Model Manager

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory On-road Vehicular Networking Platform

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Location Division Multiple Access (Focus for 2007) 200m Location Slot Transmission Time Slots Alert Zone GOAL: Achieve Bounded End-to-End Latency in Alert Zone (500-1,500m) Using GPS PPS (Pulse Per Second) – sub 30ms delay per hop We impose a TDMA schedule based on the vehicle’s location

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory Adaptive Broadcast for Persistent Messages in Warning Zone (Focus for 2007) Max. Message Propagation Distance (m) Current vehicle’s position Rebroadcast Rate (Hz) Aggressive Rebroadcast (Message Propagation at Frontier) Lazy Rebroadcast (Maintain Connectivity)

GM-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory

Real Vehicles in vicinity Real Vehicles Simulated Vehicles Network Connections with Real Vehicles Real Network Connectivity