ACTIVITY #7: CARBOHYDRATES

 Carbohydrates  Monosaccharides  Dimer  Sucrose  Lactose  Disaccharides  Simple sugars  Polysaccharides  Cellulose  Starch  Glycogen VOCABULARY

 Sugar molecules  Made of the elements C, H, O in the ratio of 1:2:1  Main source of energy for living things  Range  Small, monosaccharides  simple sugars  Intermediate molecules such as disaccharides  Large polysaccharides  complex carbohydrates CARBOHYDRATES

 Smallest unit or monomer  Can be combined by dehydration synthesis to form larger molecules like disaccharides and polysaccharides Examples: Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose Chemical Formula: C 6 H 12 O 6 MONOSACCHARIDE glucose galactose fructose C 6 H 12 O 6

 Same formula, but different structures  Another monosaccharide is ribose  A component of RNA (ribonucleic acid) STRUCTURAL ISOMERS glucose galactose fructose C 6 H 12 O 6 ribose C 5 H 10 O 5

 Compound made by joining two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis  Examples:  Sucrose (table sugar)- made from a glucose combined with a fructose  Lactose (milk sugar)- made from a glucose combined with a galactose DISACCHARIDE

 Large molecules made by combining many monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis POLYSACCHARIDE

 3 main examples of polysaccharides: POLYSACCHARIDE EXAMPLES Polysaccharide:Found in:Made of:Used for: Starch Glycogen Cellulose Plants (starch granules) Glucose monomers Storage of excess sugar Animals (liver and muscles) Glucose monomers Storage of excess sugar Plants (cell walls) Glucose monomers Rigidity for firm cell walls

 All made of glucose monomers but in different arrangements: STRUCTURE OF POLYSACCHARIDES Straight chain Branched chain Diagonal bonds, many combined chains

 Why do endurance athletes often consume a diet high in complex carbohydrates while training?  If a starch polysaccharide 100 glucose molecules long is hydrolyzed, how many water molecules are needed to break the bonds? REFLECTION