Impact Craters.

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Presentation transcript:

Impact Craters

Impact Craters Impact cratering is the dominant geologic process that alters the solid surfaces of bodies throughout the solar system. Impact craters are approximately circular depressions in the surface of a planet, moon or other solid body in the Solar System, formed by the hypervelocity impact of a smaller body with the surface. Barringer “Meteor” Crater, Arizona

Impact Cratering

Impact Craters Characteristics Rim is raised compared to the surrounding terrain

Impact Craters Barringer “Meteor” Crater, Arizona

Impact Craters Characteristics Rim is raised compared to the surrounding terrain Floor is lower than the surrounding terrain (Barringer Crater is over 550 ft deep)

Impact Craters Characteristics Rim is raised compared to the surrounding terrain Floor is lower than the surrounding terrain Inverted stratigraphy

Impact Craters Moenkopi Kaibab Coconino Barringer “Meteor” Crater, Arizona, looking NW

Impact Craters Moenkopi Kaibab Kaibab Barringer “Meteor” Crater, Arizona, SE rim

Impact Craters Moenkopi hinge. Barringer “Meteor” Crater, Arizona, NE rim

Impact Craters Moenkopi hinge. Barringer “Meteor” Crater, Arizona, NE rim

Impact Craters Ejecta Radial ejecta surrounding a lunar crater. Lobate ejecta surrounding a Martian crater.

Impact Craters Characteristics Rim is raised compared to the surrounding terrain Floor is lower than the surrounding terrain Inverted stratigraphy Ejecta Shock metamorphism* Shatter cones*

Impact Craters Shock Metamorphism in Coconino Sandstone Unshocked Coconino Sandstone Shocked Coconino Sandstone Images from Traces of Catastrophe by Bevan M. French, 1998

Impact Craters Shatter Cones Image Credit: http://www.impact-structures.com/impact-rocks-impactites/ From Traces of Catastrophe by Bevan M. French, 1998, image courtesy of V.L. Sharpton

Impact Craters Simple Craters Small (relatively) bowl-shaped depressions with no interior structure

Impact Craters Complex Craters & Basins Complex craters have interior terraces and flat floors surrounding central peaks. Basins are craters >300km (~190 miles) in diameter.