Chapter 23 Section 4 Minor Members of Our Solar System

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 23 Section 4 Minor Members of Our Solar System Asteroids Comets Meteoroids/Meteors/Meteorites Kuiper Belt Oort Cloud

Asteroids Small rocky bodies; irregular shape Lie between orbits of Mars & Jupiter (asteroid belt) Orbital period of 3-6 years Some asteroids have very eccentric orbits & travel close to the Sun. Others (larger) regularly pass close to Earth & Moon Largest asteroid: Ceres—1,000 km diameter 3 types of asteroids: --C (carbonaceous) 75% pop….outer belt --S (silicaceous) 17% pop…inner belt…most common --M (metallic) 8% pop…middle belt NASA Capture Pet Asteroid? PHAs (Potentially Hazardous Asteroids) Why track asteroid paths?

Location of Asteroids

Comets Rocky, metallic material held together by frozen gases (water, ammonia, methane, CO2, and CO) Elongated orbits (far beyond Pluto) Orbital period of most  hundreds of thousands of years Some less than 200 years and encounter inner solar system Anatomy of a comet: Coma-glowing head produced as frozen gases vaporized Nucleus-located in the coma; icy Tail-typically forms as approach Sun (can extend millions of km); always points AWAY from Sun in curved manner Radiation pressure—forms dust tail Solar wind– forms ionized (gas) tail (mainly CO) Space Debris Song

Halley’s Comet Comet Ison -Periodic comet -Passes Earth every 76 years -Last pass: 1986 -Next pass: 2061 Comet Ison -Originated from Oort Cloud -Most agree it did not survive orbit around Sun

Kuiper Belt & Oort Cloud Birthplace of short orbital period comets; nearly circular orbits roughly in same plane of planets Located beyond Neptune Most comets we see are Kuiper Belt comets Oort Cloud Birthplace of long orbital period comets; highly eccentric orbits; not confined to plane of solar system “3-D shell” around solar system Very rarely do we observe an Oort Cloud comet Closer Look at the Kuiper Belt

Meteoroids Meteoroid: small solid particle in space; made of iron Originate from: interplanetary debris, asteroid belt, or remains of a comet Meteor: meteoroids that enter Earth’s atmosphere; burn once in atmos. Where does light originate? Meteor showers  Earth encounters swarm of meteoroids traveling same speed/direction  link to comets…WHY? Meteorite: reaches Earth’s surface Meteor Crater Winslow, Arizona ~50,000 years ago Originated from asteroid belt ~26,000 mph prior to impact; 150 ft across Crater is roughly 1 mile wide 2.4 mile circumference 550 feet deep

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