Present perfect tense Form: have/has done…

通常使用现在完成时的几种情况： 1 表示发生在过去对现在仍有影响的动作。 I have read the book. 2 表示过去发生一次或多次的动作。 We have all played football. 3 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，只 能用于某些带有延续意义的动词，常与 for, since, so far 等连用。 He has taught here since ten years ago.

have studied have lived have read has finished has gone have just finished Complete the following sentences with the proper tense. 1 We _____________ (study) English for about five years. 2 They ______________ (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3 I ___________ (read) your article three times. It’s well written. 4 The student _____________ (finish) her homework already. 5 Eric _____________ (go) back to his hometown today. 6 The police ____________________ (just finish) searching the area. have studied have lived ________ have read has finished has gone have just finished

worked has worked 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，和现在无关；现在完 成时则强调某一发生在过去的动作与现在的关系，如对现 在产生的结果或影响等。 He __________ (work) in the city for ten years. 1,I _______(see) this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） 2,I ____________ (see) this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） 3,He __________ (be) in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） 4,He ________ (join) the League three years ago. （强调加入的动作发生在过去） saw have seen has been joined

1 They _______ (move) to the south in 1990 and ________ (live) there since then. 2 Eric _______ (leave) home last year and ___________ (just come) back. 3 Justin __________ (be) away from home for several days. He __________(disappear) last Friday. 4 They _____(buy) this house three years ago and they __________ (live) here since then. 5 My brother ______ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He _________ (visit) him three times this month. moved have lived left has just come has been disappeared bought have lived went has visited 一般过去时还是现在完成时？

一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用， 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状 语。 一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday, last week ， …ago, in1980, in October, just now, in the past etc… 现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, already, yet, so far, up to now, ever, never, recently, lately, just, in the past … years, etc. 现在完成时与一般过去时常用的时间状语：

T F F F 延续性与非延续性动词： 判断正误： 延续性动词常与 for, how long, since 等引导的表示一段时间的状 语或状语从句连用。一些非延续性动词如 come, go, leave, die, join, marry 等如用于现在完成时，一般不可以与表示一段时间的 时间状语连用，此时应改为意义相近的延续性动词来表达。 1 He has died for 3 years. 2 He has been dead for 3 years. 3 He died 3 years ago. 4 It has been 3 years since he died. 5 I have received his letter for a month. 6 I received this letter a month ago. 7 I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。 即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 F T T T F T T

比较 since 和 for ： since 用来说明动作起始时间， for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. 注意：并非有 for 时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 比较： I ______ (work) here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。） I ___________ (work) here for many years. （现在我仍在这里工作。） worked have worked

注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有 for/since 结构的完成时中的误用。 1 ）（ ） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2 ）（ ） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. Harry got married six years ago. Harry has been married for six years. T F

用于现在完成时的特殊句型 1 ） It is the first / second time that… It is the first time that I _________ (visit) the city. This is the first time （ that ） I _________ (hear ) him sing. 注意： It was the third time that the boy _______ (be) late. 2 ） This is + 形容词最高级 +…that… This is the best film that I _____ ever ______ (see). （ 1 ） ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming （ 2 ） ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come have visited have heard had been have seen B D

Read the diary entry on Page 8 and complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasn’t visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasn’t found (11) Has, been

现在完成进行时 (Present perfect continuous tense): （朗读以下两个句子，说说其两种用法） 现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生，已经 持续到现在，并且还将持续； 或刚刚停止，但与现在有关。 1. I have been learning English for three years. 2. He is very tired, because he has been cleaning the room. have/ has been + doing

1,I haven’t been sleeping well since I returned home. 2, So we’ve been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder. Go over the news story on Page 2 and find the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense. Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.

Finish the exercise on Page 9: Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching (5) have seen (6) have been writing

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别： 比较以下句子： 一 现在完成时表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进 行时则强调动作仍在继续。 1 I have read the latest book by Mr Brown. 2 I have been reading the latest book by Mr Brown. 二 现在完成时可以用表示状态的动词或表示动作的动 词做谓语，而现在完成进行时则只能用表示动作的动词 做谓语。 3 I have had his book for two months. 4 I have been reading this book for two weeks.

An action means something happening or changing. (do, go, play…) A state means something staying the same. (like, know, exist…) 1 I _______ (have ) this camera for five years. 2 I ___________ ( take ) photos of UFOs with this camera. 动作动词与状态动词 状态动词只用于完成时态；而动作动词可用于完 成时态与完成进行时态。 have had have taken have been taking

三, twice 等表示次数的词只与完成时连用； 而 for 则可以与完成进行时连用。 1 I_________ (visit) Egypt twice this month. 2 I__________ (tour) Egypt for two months. 四, How many times / How long. 1 ______________ have you swum in the lake?.2 _____________ have you been swimming in the lake? How many times 只与完成时连用； How long 则可以与完成进行时连用。 五, 1 I _____________ (never visit ) Paris. 2 I _____________ (already be) to Paris. always, never, yet, already and ever 不能用于完成进 行时态中。 have visited have been touring How many times How long have never visited have already been

An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc. 1 How long _____ you ________ (learn )English? 2 It _____________ (snow) for a long time. have learnt been learning has snowed has been snowing

I have been learning English for three years.I have been learning English for three years. I learned English for three years.I learned English for three years. I have learned English for three years.I have learned English for three years. I have written the novel.I have written the novel. I have been writing the novel.I have been writing the novel.

Part A on Page 11: Answers on page 11 A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been making

Part B on Page 11: Sample answers 1 He has been waiting at an underground station. 2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer. 3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.

1. ______ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear 2. ―Kate doesn’t look very well. What’s wrong with her? ―She has a headache because she ______ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading 3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays.” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written

4. My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made 5. This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone 6. She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done 7. Now that you ______, what are you going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returning C. have been returned D. have returned

8. I ______ the incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember 9. － Where_____ the map? I can’t see anywhere. － I ______ it right here just now. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put 10. John told Mary that he ______ what he was doing during the vacation. A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked

11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I ______ there ever since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been 12. We ______ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having 13. It ______ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained 14. By the end of last year they ______ 1,000 machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D. had been turned out

15. ―Don’t put the waste on the ground. ―Oh, I’m very sorry. I ______ the dustbin there. A. don’t see B. isn’t seeing C. didn’t see D. haven’t seen 16. Good heavens! There you are! We _________ anxious about you. We _____ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. will be; are expecting D. have been; were expecting

17. Although medical science ____ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006 江苏） A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved 18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _______ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing B have got lost C. be missing D. get lost

19. Customers are asked to make sure that they _____ the right change before leaving the shop.(2006 重庆） A. will have B. have been given C. have given D. will be given

20 A: ______ leave at the end of this month. B: I don’t think you should do that until ______ another job. A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found C. I’ll; you’ll found D. I’ll; you’d found

Homework Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook Prepare Task