1 Section 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas Chapter 2

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3 Who were the Conquistadores? Spanish explorers who sailed to the Americas after Columbus’ voyages were known as conquistadores or conquerors searching for gold Hornando Cortes landed in Mexico in 1519, conquered the Aztecs and took their gold Aztecs rebelled and regrouped 1521 Spanish defeated the Aztecs and claimed their land (Mexico) for Spain Spanish marched into Tenochtitlan (Spanish capital) and told Aztec emperor Montezuma he was a God Spanish conquered Tenochtitlan, burned the capital, laid claims of the new colony, called it New Spain, and renamed the capital Mexico City

4 Cont. Most Spanish who settled in America were men who often married Native American women which created a large population of mestizos Their decedents live today in Mexico and other Latin America countries and the US Spanish settled forced Native Americans to work under the encomienda system-system using Native Americans as workers Treated workers badly, many died from disease 1542 encomienda ended (too brutal) soon Spanish settlers began using African slaves

5 Who Settled New Mexico? Spanish eventually moved north to present day North America, Juan Ponce de Leon - explored present day Florida Spanish also explored southwestern US Spain sent catholic priest to settle southwest region, present day New Mexico ; to convert Native Americans to Roman Catholic faith

6 Native Americans Rebel Spanish tried to impose Spanish culture on Native Americans. Destroyed Native American objects, they considered sacred, forced them to work for them, physically abused them Pope was a Pueblo religious leader who led an uprising against the Spanish 1680, 1700 Native Americans drove Spaniards back into Mexico, it would be another 14 years before the Spanish reconquered New Mexico

7 SOL: Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America in Section 2: Jamestown

9 English settlement at Jamestown English colonies financed by joint stock company--allowed investors to pool their wealth to fund a colony 1607 the Virginia Company sent 150 colonists to America to build a settlement along the coast of modern-day Virginia called Jamestown in honor of the King James I

English settlement at Jamestown By winter 1607 only 39 colonists remained alive Disease and famine John Smith took control of colony Forced colonists to grow food Help from Powhatan --Native Americans who lived in the area Colony slowly recovered. In 1609 about 600 new colonists arrived The “starving time” Only 60 colonists survived 9

English Colony Locations 10

Jamestown Colony 11

John Smith Had to leave Jamestown in 1609 after 12

Disney’s Pocahontas This portrait of Pocahontas and John Smith, from the Disney movie "Pocahontas", is almost completely fabricated from reality. She was a child of about twelve John Smith was a short man with a beard No romantic relationship between them 13

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10 Jamestown Colonists began growing tobacco, discovered they could make great profit Virginia Company started the head right system in 1618 Attempt to lure more settlers to Jamestown, 50 acres/ person who came to the colony, another 50/ each family member that came along Most who came to America came as indentured servants Agreed to work for several years to pay debt in exchange for passage to North America, food, and shelter 1619 first African Americans arrived in North America Originally treated as indentured servants In decades to come, others would arrive in North America as slaves

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11 Settlers Clash with Native Americans Unlike Spanish, English had no desire to live among or marry Native Americans As Jamestown grew, more and more settlers arrive forcing Native Americans off their lands Native Americans attacked colonial villages, 340 colonists killed King took over colony Virginia Company became a royal colony=colony ruled by king By ,000 English settlers lived in Virginia

12 Economic Differences Split Virginia Wealthy land owners controlled life in the colony Indentured servants had no money to buy land did not own land=could not vote, Taxed heavily by the colony governor forced to live on western edge of Virginia where they were constantly fighting Native Americans

Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon =wealthy planter Created an army to fight Native Americans Governor Berkley declared the army illegal Bacon led rebellion against Governor of Virginia Colony Governor Berkley fled Jamestown Returned after Bacon died a month later ** Bacons Rebellion exposed power of former indentured servants in the colony 19

13 Puritans Section 3

14 Why did Puritans come to America? Puritans were a religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England Known as Puritans because they wanted to remove some of its Catholic practices STRICT beliefs Every worshiper should experience God directly through faith, prayer, and study of the bible, NOT services conducted by a priest

Plymouth Colony Some Puritans believed in trying to change the Church of England, others chose to leave the church and form their own congregations known as Separatists Pilgrims = a Separatist group Decided to leave England. Arrived in North America in 1620 Founded Plymouth Colony second permanent English colony in North America 22

15 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630 another group of Puritans sailed to North America and started a settlement called the Massachusetts Bay Colony By 1640 more than 20,000 English settlers lived there in this region, known as New England John Winthrop was the settlement’s first governor

Puritan Society Puritans wanted to create a society that all would look up to: Male members could vote Importance on family, church, and authority STRESSED HARD WORK, both men and women 24

16 Dissent in the Puritan Community Puritans came to America to practice their religion in freedom, did not tolerate dissent or the expression of other view points Roger Williams - minister, preached settlers should not take Native American land and government should not punish those with other points of view This angered Puritan leaders and ordered his arrest Settled new colony which is now Rhode Island Anne Hutchison- angered church with her beliefs Argued people should interpret the bible on their own Banished from colony Went to Rhode Island

17 Native Americans Resist Colonial Expansion Settlers seized Native American lands and forced Native Americans to accept Puritan laws and religion Native Americans saw Puritans as a threat to their way of life Pequot War – 1637 Pequot tribe went to war with colonists Total defeat for Native Americans King Phillip’s War – 1675 Chief Metacom-who the English called King Phillip, led alliance against settlers Lasted one year, English won

18 Settlement of the Middle Colonies Section 4

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20 The Dutch Found New Netherland In 1621, the Dutch founded the colony of New Netherland (present day Albany & New York City) New Netherland was a diverse colony. People from many different European nations lived in the colony. Free & enslaved Africans lived there. By 1660, one-fifth, or 20%, of the population was of African descent. The leaders allowed people the freedom to practice their own religion. As a result, people of many different religious faiths settled there. Dutch had friendly relations with Native Americans. They were more interested in trading with the Native Americans.

21 Continued England seized control of the Dutch colony because it stood in the way of England’s plan to unite Northern and Southern colonies. England’s Duke of York became the new proprietor, or owner, of New Netherland. He renamed it New York. He separated the southern part of the colony and named it New Jersey.

22 The Quakers Settle Pennsylvania In order to repay a debt, King Charles II gave Englishman William Penn a piece of land west of New Jersey. Penn was a member of a religious group called Quakers. Quakers believed God’s “inner light” burned inside everyone. They were pacifists, persons who oppose war or violence for any reason. Because of their different beliefs, Quakers suffered persecution (harassment) in England. Penn’s settlement allowed freedom of religion. The colony was also granted the right to vote to all adult male settlers & sought friendly relations with Native Americans.

32 William Penn

23 Continued In order to encourage people to live in Pennsylvania, Penn advertised his colony in western Europe. This resulted in numerous Germans, Dutch, and French settling there. George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, founded the colony of Maryland. James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a colony for debtors.