Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

Learning Targets At the end of the lesson I can………….. Explain the causes of the French Revolution Identify the Enlightenment philosophers and their impact on the Enlightenment. Identify the connection between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.

Section 2 Study Guide questions: Upon completion students should be able to: Explain how the National Assembly changed France’s government. Summarize the positions of the three factions that tried to govern France. Explain how war and the king’s execution affected the Revolution. Describe the events and the aftermath of the Reign of Terror.

In class today 1. Turning point quiz over French Rev. causes 2.Read primary source “Execution by Guillotine”/ Discuss 3. Small group French Revolution and Enlightenment exercise. 4. Class discussion using powerpoint notes. 5. Exit cards……….

The Guillotine 1. What was the purpose of the Guillotines? 2. According to the article what was the real impact of the Guillotines? 3. What likely constituted treason in France? 4. In what ways did the use of the Guillotine violate the principles of the Enlightenment?

Fr. Revolution and the Enlightenment With you and your small group team: 1. Use the chart provided on the handout, identify the Enlightenment thinker and identify examples of where the French applied these principals in the Revolution. (5-7 minutes) 2. Discussion will follow, select a person to represent the group.

The Assembly Reforms France The Rights of Man National Assembly adopts Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Revolutionary leaders use the slogan, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

The Assembly Reforms France continued A State Controlled Church National Assembly seizes church lands, turns clergy into public officials This action alarms many peasants, who are devout Catholics

Louis Tries to Escape Louis, worried about his future, attempts to escape France Revolutionaries catch the royal family near Netherlands border

Divisions Develop Factions Split France Major problems, including debt, food shortages remain Assembly splits into Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives

Factions Split France continued Émigrés-nobles who flee country, want Old Regime back in power Sans-culottes-lower class who want more change from the Revolution

Problems with Other Countries Austrian and Prussians want Louis in charge of France France declares war

France at War Prussian forces soon threaten to attack Paris Parisian mob jails royal family, kills guard Mob breaks into prisons, killing over 1,000, including many who support king

France At War continued Pressured by mob, Legislative Assembly deposes the king and then dissolves National Convention takes office in September, forming French republic

Jacobins Take Control Jacobins-radical political organization behind 1792 governmental changes After a close vote, Louis XVI is found guilty of treason and beheaded Guillotine-machine designed during the Revolution to behead people

Guillotine The main tool used during the reign of terror in order to execute many. Was actually invented to be a more humane method of imposing capital punishment.

The War Continues French army wins great victory against Prussians and Austrians In 1793 Britain, Spain, Holland join forces against France National Convention orders draft of 300,000 to reinforce army

The Reign of Terror

Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution Divided Country Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution Many believed the changes were too radical and led to anarchy.

Robespierre Assumes Control Maximilien Robespierre-Jacobin leader rules France for a year Becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety, a dictator

Reign of Terror Reign of Terror-Robespierre’s rule, which includes killing many opponents Thousands die during the Terror, including former allies and Marie Antoinette 85% of those who die during the terror are middle or lower class

In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed End of the Terror In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals

Execution of Maximilien-Marie-Isidore Robespierre on July 27, 1794.

End of the Terror continued Moderate leaders write new constitution Two-house legislature and five man directory restore order New government makes Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies