11.4 The Skeletal System Essential Question: How Does your Body Work? What Does the Skeleton Do? What Role Do the Joints Play? What are the Characteristics of Bones? Interesting fact: The word skeleton comes from Greek words meaning “ a dried body” Pgs Introduction to the Human Body Ms. De Los Rios 6 h Grade

Vocabulary Skeleton- is made up of all bones in your body. 2.Vertebrae- 26 small bones (vertebral column/backbone) 3. Joint- A place where two bones meet. 4.Ligament- strong connective tissue that hold together the movable joints. 5.Compact Bone- hard and dense (not solid) bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. 6.Spongy Bone- layer of bone tissue that has small spaces (inside the layer of compact bone) 7.Marrow- The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bone. 8.Cartilage- Connective tissue that is flexible and protects the end of bones and keeps them from rubbing together. 9.Osteoporosis- A condition resulting from loss of minerals in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily.

What Does the Skeleton Do? Pg. 427 Your inner skeleton (framework), is made up of all the bones in your body. Skeletal = building framework Building would collapse without its frame, same as your body without your skeletal Your skeleton has five major functions. 1.It provides shape and support 2. enables you to move 3.protects your organs 4. It also produces blood cells 5.stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them.

What Does the Skeleton Do? Pg. 427 The skeletal shapes and supports your body. Skeletal system is made up of 206 bones (different shapes and sizes) 26 small bones/vertebrae, make up your backbone in the vertebral column.

The Skeleton The Skeletal System pg. 428 Skull Clavicle Sternum Ribs Humerus Vertebral column Ulna Radius Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Pelvis Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges The skeletal system Allows you to move Most of the body’s bones are associated with muscles, which pull on the bones to make them move (contract & relax) Example of bones protecting organs= The skull’s protection of the brain Produces substance your body needs such as: blood cells Provides storage for minerals=calcium

The Skeletal System pg. 429 Movable Joints Movable joints allow movement in different ways. What is another joint for each type?

What Roles Do the Joints Play pg. 429 A joint is a place where two bones come together. Joints allow bones to move in different ways. You have two types of joints: 1. Immovable joints (connect bones but allow little or no movement) 2. Movable joints (allow the body to make many different movements) The bones in movable joints are held together by ligaments, which are made of strong connective tissue.

Types of Joints What is the name of the type of joint of each object? The Skeletal System pg. 430

What are The Characteristics of Bones? Pg. 431 Bones are complex living structures that grow, develop, and repair themselves. Bones are made up of: 1. bone tissue 2. blood vessels 3.Nerves A thin, tough outer membrane covers all of a typical bone except the ends. Beneath the membrane is a thick layer of compact bone. This bone is hard and dense but not solid; it contains minerals such as phosphorus and calcium that strengthen it. Bone can absorb more force without breaking than concrete or granite, yet it is far lighter than those materials.

Bone Structure Many tissues make up the femur, the body’s longest bone. Describe each part of the bone and what it does. The Skeletal System pg. 431

What are The Characteristics of Bones? Pg. 431 Spongy bone has small spaces within it, making it lightweight but still strong. Bone has soft connective tissue called marrow, which is responsible for producing most blood cells and for storing fat. Bones form new bone tissue as you grow. Cartilage is a strong connective tissue that is more flexible than bone. Interesting fact: At birth, human beings’ bones are mostly cartilage. Gradually most cartilage is replaced with bone. Some cartilage still protects the ends of your bones.

Bone Strength, Growth, and Development What are the characteristics of bones? The Skeletal System pg. 432

What are the Characteristics of Bones? Pg. 433 Healthy Bones A combination of: 1. a balanced diet (calcium & phosphorus rich) 2. Regular exercise helps build and maintain strong, healthy bones. Your bones support the weight of your body and exercising helps maintain strong bones! In order to protect your bones, use safety equipment when exercising. As you grow older, your bones start to lose some minerals, leading to osteoporosis, a condition in which bones become weak and break easily.