Use of TES, AIRS and other satellite data for evaluation of air quality modeling efforts by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Fall AGU 2007 – A54C-08 December 14, 2007 Greg Osterman, Kevin Bowman, Brian Kahn, Bill Irion Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology Mark Estes, Clint Harper, Weining Zhao Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Jay Al-Saadi NASA Langley Research Center Brad Pierce NOAA/NESDIS

What we hope to do … Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards

What we hope to do … Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards 1) Use chemical transport model results as lateral and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ air quality model (CAMx)

What we hope to do … Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards 1) Use chemical transport model results as lateral and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ air quality model (CAMx) 2) Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO) for benchmarking MM5 and CAMx model results

What we hope to do … Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards 1) Use chemical transport model results as lateral and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ air quality model (CAMx) 2) Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO)) for benchmarking MM5 and CAMx model results 3) Evaluate the effects of transport of pollutants originating outside the state boundaries

What we hope to do … Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standards 1) Use chemical transport model results as lateral and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ air quality model (CAMx) 2) Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO)) for benchmarking MM5 and CAMx model results 3) Evaluate the effects of transport of pollutants originating outside the state boundaries  Direct use of satellite data to benchmark model results used in making air quality policy decisions

State Implementation Plan (SIP) An enforceable plan developed at the state level that explains how the state will comply with the Federal Clean Air Act An enforceable plan developed at the state level that explains how the state will comply with the Federal Clean Air Act Revisions must be submitted by any state that has areas designated as in nonattainment of EPA national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) Revisions must be submitted by any state that has areas designated as in nonattainment of EPA national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for: In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for: Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB) Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB) Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)

State Implementation Plan (SIP) An enforceable plan developed at the state level that explains how the state will comply with the Federal Clean Air Act An enforceable plan developed at the state level that explains how the state will comply with the Federal Clean Air Act Revisions must be submitted by any state that has areas designated as in nonattainment of EPA national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) Revisions must be submitted by any state that has areas designated as in nonattainment of EPA national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for: In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for: Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB) Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB) Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)

State Implementation Plan (SIP) The first step in the development of a SIP revision is a period of data collection and modeling The first step in the development of a SIP revision is a period of data collection and modeling Episodes for HGB to be modeled for the next SIP revision: Episodes for HGB to be modeled for the next SIP revision: May-August 2005 May-August 2005 May-June 2006 May-June 2006 August-October 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II) August-October 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II) TCEQ uses the CAMx model for air quality and MM5 for meteorological fields TCEQ uses the CAMx model for air quality and MM5 for meteorological fields MM5

State Implementation Plan (SIP) The first step in the development of a SIP revision is a period of data collection and modeling The first step in the development of a SIP revision is a period of data collection and modeling Episodes for HGB to be modeled for the next SIP revision: Episodes for HGB to be modeled for the next SIP revision: May-August 2005 May-August 2005 May-June 2006 May-June 2006 August-October 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II) August-October 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II) TCEQ uses the CAMx model for air quality and MM5 for meteorological fields TCEQ uses the CAMx model for air quality and MM5 for meteorological fields CAMx

TCEQ Modeling for SIP MM5 Met Model Boundary Conditions CAMx AQ Model Emission Inventory Modeling

TCEQ Modeling for SIP MM5 Met Model Boundary Conditions CAMx AQ Model Model Evaluation Emission Inventory Modeling

TCEQ Modeling for SIP MM5 Met Model Boundary Conditions CAMx AQ Model Model Evaluation Modeling of Future Emission Scenarios Emission Inventory Modeling

TCEQ Modeling for SIP MM5 Met Model Boundary Conditions CAMx AQ Model Modeling of Future Emission Scenarios Model Evaluation Emission Inventory Modeling

Improved Boundary Conditions The RAQMS team has provided an analysis for 2006 that can be developed into boundary conditions for use in CAMx by TCEQ The RAQMS team has provided an analysis for 2006 that can be developed into boundary conditions for use in CAMx by TCEQ RAQMS assimilates TES O3 and CO, OMI total O3, MODIS fire count data (Pierce et al. A14D-04) RAQMS assimilates TES O3 and CO, OMI total O3, MODIS fire count data (Pierce et al. A14D-04) For the 2005 time periods, we will use boundary conditions developed from Near Real Time GEOS-Chem results For the 2005 time periods, we will use boundary conditions developed from Near Real Time GEOS-Chem results Evaluate and quantify the effects of the new boundary conditions on the CAMx model results Evaluate and quantify the effects of the new boundary conditions on the CAMx model results

Previous Study: RAQMS Boundary Conditions used in CMAQ An evaluation during the summer 1999 Southern Oxidants Study is presented in a benchmark report for the Air Quality Applications Program Greatest difference over Western United States and off the East coast of the US Study prior to development of assimilation capabilities

Previous Study: EPA Region 9 Advanced Monitoring Initiative Goal: Use of satellite data to augment EPA activities in trying to mitigate the health effects of ozone episodes along the US- Mexico Border Goal: Use of satellite data to augment EPA activities in trying to mitigate the health effects of ozone episodes along the US- Mexico Border Use of TES, OMI data with ozonsondes, EPA surface monitors, health data and models Use of TES, OMI data with ozonsondes, EPA surface monitors, health data and models Collaboration between EPA Region 9, JPL, UC-Berkeley, NASA Ames RC, Arizona St University Collaboration between EPA Region 9, JPL, UC-Berkeley, NASA Ames RC, Arizona St University Preliminary Result: Improvements in modeling of free troposphere by AQ Models Preliminary Result: Improvements in modeling of free troposphere by AQ Models CMAQ Using TES Boundary Conditions CMAQ Prior to use of TES

Model Evaluation Meteorological Modeling (MM5): Meteorological Modeling (MM5): Seawinds on Quickscat for evaluation of model wind fields Seawinds on Quickscat for evaluation of model wind fields AMSR-E sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico AMSR-E sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico AIRS temperature and water fields AIRS temperature and water fields Chemical modeling (CAMx): Chemical modeling (CAMx): TES ozone and carbon monoxide, AIRS carbon monoxide to evaluate the model fields in the troposphere TES ozone and carbon monoxide, AIRS carbon monoxide to evaluate the model fields in the troposphere Improvement over use of surface monitors only as a model validation tool Improvement over use of surface monitors only as a model validation tool

Model Evaluation TCEQ Modeling Grid

Model Evaluation TCEQ Modeling Grid

Model Evaluation TCEQ Modeling Grid

Transport: Elevated CO and O3 over Houston region observed from TES Step & Stare on August 23, 2006 (TexAQS II)

What is the origin of the August 23 ozone and CO enhancement? TES orbits  White lines represent 5-day back-trajectories emanating from Houston AIRNow Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) sites Color contours are Reverse- Domain Filled (RDF) Lagrangian averaged ozone from the RAQMS analysis RAQMS Back Trajectories

What is the origin of the August 23 ozone and CO enhancement? TES orbits  White lines represent 5-day back-trajectories emanating from Houston AIRNow Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) sites Color contours are Reverse- Domain Filled (RDF) Lagrangian averaged ozone from the RAQMS analysis RAQMS Back Trajectories Moderate values (60-70ppb) over Houston, but high values over Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, and Arkansas (~80 ppb)

Process history of O3 and CO Ozone production in the boundary layer about 4 days prior to arrival in Houston

Conclusions from Aug 23 Case Enhancement in both CO and O3 observed by TES east of the Houston area Enhancement in both CO and O3 observed by TES east of the Houston area Slightly higher values than in RAQMS fields Slightly higher values than in RAQMS fields Consistent with AIRS CO and O3 Consistent with AIRS CO and O3 Model analysis suggests anthropogenic production of ozone from surface emissions at -90 hrs. Model analysis suggests anthropogenic production of ozone from surface emissions at -90 hrs. MODIS Rapid Response maps suggest fires burning in SE United States throughout August MODIS Rapid Response maps suggest fires burning in SE United States throughout August Hysplit trajectories suggest ozone at 850 hPa observed by TES moved back over the Midwestern United States Hysplit trajectories suggest ozone at 850 hPa observed by TES moved back over the Midwestern United States O3 observed in upper troposphere appears to come from the Southeastern US O3 observed in upper troposphere appears to come from the Southeastern US  TES retrievals of CO and O3 vertical profiles in conjunction with the RAQMS global model provide a means of investigating the impact of distant sources on the background concentrations over Texas Important concern of TCEQ and other researchers studying Air Quality in Texas Important concern of TCEQ and other researchers studying Air Quality in Texas Ozone at 850 hPa on Aug 23rd, 2006 is above the boundary layer and therefore will have minimal impact on Houston air quality Ozone at 850 hPa on Aug 23rd, 2006 is above the boundary layer and therefore will have minimal impact on Houston air quality

Summary Embarking on a multiyear project to collaborate with TCEQ on using chemical model results and satellite data as part of their modeling effort Embarking on a multiyear project to collaborate with TCEQ on using chemical model results and satellite data as part of their modeling effort Provide improved boundary conditions for use in CAMx Provide improved boundary conditions for use in CAMx Provide satellite data for use in model benchmarking Provide satellite data for use in model benchmarking Science studies using RAQMS, TES and AIRS provide information on transport of air pollution into Texas Science studies using RAQMS, TES and AIRS provide information on transport of air pollution into Texas Methods used in this project can easily be adapted to other air quality model systems and locations Methods used in this project can easily be adapted to other air quality model systems and locations Application of the satellite data into an air quality decision support system Application of the satellite data into an air quality decision support system The JPL/TES team is working directly with air quality community to help with the use of satellite data (applied or scientific studies) The JPL/TES team is working directly with air quality community to help with the use of satellite data (applied or scientific studies)