“small” T3 short-term RT and TME “large” T3 long-term CRT and TME T4 long term CRT and TME Therefore: tailored treatment.

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“small” T3 short-term RT and TME “large” T3 long-term CRT and TME T4 long term CRT and TME Therefore: tailored treatment

Stage III p < % 20.6%20.6% TME RT+TME

Stage III and CRM negative p < % 19.7%19.7% TME RT+TME

T1: TME alone T2 /T3: preoperative RT (5x5 Gy) +TME T3 threatened CRM: preoperative CRT+TME T4: preoperative CRT+TME Tailored treatment with MRI scanning

p = % TME 65% RT+TME Peeters, in press Overall Survival Dutch trial

pre-op (n=674) postop (n=676) p 5 yr LR4.7%11.q%< yr DFS79.5%74.9% yr OS80.8%78.7%0.07 Sebag Montefiore, ASCO 2006 MRC CR07 survival

Overall survival Survival in 40 years: 60%