Essential Question Discuss the following questions with your neighbors and be prepared to share with the class: 1.What are some of the responsibilities that you have as an American Citizen?

Chapter 6 Enlightenment and Revolution

Who has the right to Govern? –Old Idea: Monarch’s rule is justified by divine right –New Idea: Power of Gov’t comes from the consent of the governed. Section 2 Enlightenment Govern: rule Consent: permission Governed: citizens

Enlightenment Philosophy –Truth: discovered through reason –Nature: is good and reasonable –Happiness: find it now on earth –Progress: society and humankind can improve –Liberty: men are free to determine how they are governed and should be protected by law

Enlightenment Philosophy Create a chart on the current page: –2 columns –5 rows –Title the left column “Beliefs” –Title the right column “Example” Write each of the Enlightenment Philosophies in the 1 st column Work with your neighbor to write an example for each in the right column

Enlightenment Philosophies BeliefsExample Reason: Truth can be found through reason. Nature: The natural is also good and reasonable. Happiness: People can find happiness in this life. Progress: People and society can improve. Liberty: People should have the protection of the law.

Enlightenment Philosophers: –Met in Salons to discuss new ideas –All influenced US Bill of Rights, Dec of Ind, and US Constitution –Believed in progress for society –A more secular view –Faith in science Salon: a room or place where intellectuals met US Dec of Ind: Declaration of Independence Progress: moving forward to the next level Secular: worldly, non- religious

–Locke: all people are born free & equal 3 natural rights: Life, Liberty, Property –Fundamental to US Dec of Ind Right to rebel against unjust rulers

–Voltaire: Freedom of thought and expression I do not agree w/ what you say, but I support your right to say it

–Montesquieu: separation of powers & checks and balances (influenced US Constitution) Keep any individual/group from gaining total control of gov’t Separation of powers: 3 branches of gov’t

–Rousseau: wrote The Social Contract favored Direct Democracy Total equality for all men (no noble titles) Contract: agreement

–Beccaria: punishment should fit the crime No torture No capital punishment Capital punishment: Death Penalty

–Wollstonecraft: women’s equality Women should be educated & participate in politics Capital punishment: Death Penalty

Legacy of Enlightenment: –Belief in progress: use reason to solve social problems, end slavery, more social equality, democracy Ex: a woman reading a novel –More secular outlook: use reason/science instead of religion/superstition to explain the universe and be tolerant of other beliefs Ex: a woman allowing her child to have a smallpox vaccination –Importance of the individual: people use reason to decide right/wrong for themselves, not church or a ruler Ex: a man attending a salon Reason: logic, to make sense Social: society, people Tolerant: accepting

VIP Heads 1.Choose 8 people from section 2 of chapter 6 2.Fold a sheet a paper into 8 sections. Put your name, date, period on the back in one of the sections. 3.In the middle of each section you will draw and color a bust (chest & head) for each person. If you cannot find a picture of the person, draw what you think they would look like. 4.On the left side of each section, at the top, write: the name of the person and the country they are from. 5.On the right side of each section, draw a speech bubble (like in a comic book). Inside the speech bubble, write TWO sentences that show that person’s philosophy and the influence they had on democracy. 6.Each section is worth 5 points: 2 points for the left, 2 points for the middle, 1 point for the middle. 7.******DO NOT USE MARKERS!!!! USE EITHER CRAYONS OR COLOR PENCILS!!!!!******