International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe)- African insect science for food and health.      Chris Prideaux, Director Research and Partnerships

≈ 400 staff total, 50–70 MSc, PhD students in residence General Facts A centre of excellence in Africa — for research and capacity building in insect science and its applications An intergovernmental organization — charter signed by 13 countries worldwide ≈ 400 staff total, 50–70 MSc, PhD students in residence Many contracted workers An organization with a unique history — 40+ years old, genesis in Africa The names of the 13 signatory countries are: Kenya Zambia Cote D'Ivoire Norway Sweden Philipinnes Chile Sudan Brazil Ethiopia Eritrea United Republic of Tanzania Democratic Republic of Congo

Where we work Africa focused- currently activities in 30 countries Collaborative work in Middle East, USA, South America, Asia International HQs in Nairobi Several field stations across Kenya & country office in Ethiopia

How we work 4-Hs paradigm R&D on human, animal, plant & environmental health, and capacity building Common denominator insects/ arthropods

Major Program Areas Animal Health Plant Health Human Health COMMERCIAL INSECTS BEE HEALTH BIOPROSPECTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION CLIMATE CHANGE Human Health MALARIA SLEEPING SICKNESS ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS Animal Health TSETSE TICKS Plant Health HORTICULTURAL CROP PESTS STAPLE FOOD CROP PESTS PLANTATION CROP PESTS Environmental Health

Holistic and integrated control of vector-borne diseases Human Health Holistic and integrated control of vector-borne diseases Focus on vector control Broad areas in focus: Malaria Human sleeping sickness Rift valley fever Emerging infectious diseases

Animal Health Develop sustainable solutions for important disease vectors like tsetse flies and mosquitoes e.g. Tsetse/Trypanosomiasis control

Tsetse – identification of repellents from un-preferred hosts Gas chromatogram of body odors from waterbuck Waterbuck are present in tsetse habitats but not fed upon Refractoriness is mediated by repellents 15 EAD active compounds were found in the waterbuck odour Through series of field experiments 5 - component blend was identified (icipe patent application) WRB reduces fly catches by 80% and feeding efficiency >95% EAD is electroantenno-graphic detection (these are volatiles detected by the insect antenna from the whole profile of odours) WRB – waterbuck repellent blend Cows in waterbuck clothing

Technology for pastoralists Innovations in Animal Health - Tsetse Flies Technology for pastoralists Waterbuck-derived repellent identified & synthesized Vial containing chemical attached to collar effectively repels tsetse flies ~ 75% of cattle equipped with collar protects entire herd For savannah species (vectors of nagana) icipe’s trapping technology based on combination on visual & olfactory cues can reduce flies by >90% in ~ 2 years 9

Controls stemborers and striga weed. Plant Health Improve food security, nutrition and farmers’ income through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Push-Pull Technology Controls stemborers and striga weed. Desmodium as an inter-crop species releases chemicals that result in premature germination of striga seed.

Long term trials with maize-legume intercrops Maize + Beans Maize + Green gram Maize + cowpea Maize + Desmodium Maize +Desmodium Khan et al. 2007. Crop Sci. 47:730-734; Midega et al. 2014. Field Crop Res.155: 144–152

Desmodium intercrop efficiently depletes striga seed bank Khan et al. 2008. Weed Research 48:302-306

Plant health program Impact of Stemborer

Plant health program Push pull field visit

Push Pull Reduces losses due to pests and weeds Increases soil fertility through nitrogen fixation Increases water retention by acting as a mulch Reduces the need for weeding Provides high quality fodder for livestock which increases productivity (milk and meat)

Environmental Health Contribute to biodiversity conservation through development of tangible strategies that improves the livelihood of communities living in the vicinity of protected areas establishing bee and silk industries within communities

From Bees to honey and wax

icipe’s Capacity Building in Tigray On site training of 263 beekeepers (35% women) 17 beekeeper organizations established (550 members) 2,750 Langstroth hives distributed to beekeepers Individual and community apiaries established Eastern Tigray market place established; including honey processing facilities Eastern Tigray honey and was received organic certification with support from icipe training

Silk cocoon production From Soil to Silk: Mulberry Silk Farming Powerloom Handloom Mulberry and silkmoth eggs Silkmoth laying Eggs Twisting and doubling of silk yarn Vth instar Silkworms Winding of silk yarn Silk cocoon production Reeling of silk cocoon Silkmoth cocoons on mountage Post-harvest processing of silk cocoons

Funding Source Core-funding BMZ—Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany DFID—Department for International Development, United Kingdom Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Kenya SIDA—Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sweden SDC—Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, Switzerland The Gov. of Kenya Project funding The European Union, various national & international donor agencies, foundations, multilateral organizations, regional economic blocks, World Federation of Scientists.

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