CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Overview of Secondary Storage Technologies Prepared For: The Government Information Preservation Working Group December 16, 2003 Presented by: Richard Vining

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc.  There are many digital storage technologies available  Removable media (optical disks and magnetic tapes) will outlast the hardware and software used to create them  No single technology is “right” for every situation  It may be necessary to deploy a combination of technologies  There is no technology (today) that will store digital information “forever” The Basics

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc.  What do you need to store (file types)?  How much do you need to store (capacity)?  How big is the biggest file (media size)?  How much data are you adding (performance)?  How long do you need to keep it (retention)?  How fast do you want to retrieve it (access)?  Does the data need to be overwrite-protected? The Questions

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Types of Recordable Secondary Media 120mm Optical Disc Formats:  CD-R / -RW:single-sided 650MB ($1.25/GB)  DVD-R / -RW:single-sided 4.7GB ($0.42/GB)  DVD+R / +RW:single-sided 4.7GB ($0.42/GB)  DVD-RAM:dual-sided 9.4GB ($1.75/GB) Write-Once and rewritable available for all formats Lower-cost, entry-level, highly-standardized, but … Compatibility between formats is ‘complicated’ Only DVD-RAM is cartridge-based

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Types of Recordable Secondary Media 5.25” Optical Disk (replacements for 9.1GB MO)  UDO (Plasmon): 30GB, 4MB/sec, 5s File Access, $2/GB  To be supported by IBM & HP?  MO form-factor (able to mix MO & UDO in the same library)  PDD (Sony): 23GB, 9MB/sec, 8s File Access, $1.95/GB  To be supported by DISC?  Thinner cartridge (more slots per library)  Adapted from consumer-grade “Blu-Ray” technology WORM and re-writable media available Dual-sided media (only half is available on-line at one time) Not compatible with either MO or each other

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Types of Recordable Secondary Media 12” Optical:  Plasmon LD-8000, dual-headed 30GB, 8MB/sec, WORM only, $15/GB End-of-life? Only legacy customers continue to purchase Plasmon acquired LMS drives and Cygnet Jukes Rugged cartridge provides long-term protection Used in high-end document management systems Costs and lack of standards badly hurt this technology

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Types of Recordable Secondary Media Half-Inch Tape:  9840-C: 40GB, 40MB/sec, 12s File Access, $2.50/GB  StorageTek & Imation are the prime suppliers  LTO-2:200GB, 15MB/sec, 65s File Access, $0.42/GB  IBM, HP & Seagate make the drives, various media suppliers  SDLT 600:300GB, 34MB/sec, 80s File Access, $0.40/GB  Quantum makes the drives, various media suppliers  S-AIT:500GB, 30MB/sec, 70s File Access, $0.45/GB  Sony proprietary, uses AIT AME & helical scan technology WORM available on 9840 (VolSafe TM ) and S-AIT

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Types of Recordable Secondary Media 8-mm Tape:  AIT-3: 100GB, 12MB/sec, 27s File Access, $0.55/GB  Sony proprietary  WORM media available  Good mix of price/capacity/performance WORM REMOTE

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Types of Recordable Secondary Media Content-Addressable Storage (CAS): Hard Disk based systems, with software layer for storing only unique files or blocks, based on content Eliminates duplicate data, reducing capacity requirements by up to 95% (according to the vendors)  EMC Centera: scales from 4TB to over 1PB; redundant architecture includes mirroring and RAID-5; starts at $50/GB  Permabit Permeon: Linux-based software solution that works with standard hardware; cost depends on hardware used  “Compliance Editions” and other vendors (NetApp) available

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Storage Technology Profiles

CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. For more information, please contact… CBI Creative Businesses, Inc. Rich Harada: (201) , Rich Vining: (978) ,