Information Technology Needs and Trends in the Electric Power Business Mladen Kezunovic Texas A&M University PS ERC Industrial Advisory Board Meeting December 6-7, 2001

PS ERC 2 Opening Remarks  What are the pressing IT needs: - data integration and information exchange  What are the promising IT trends: - real-time processing, fault-tolerant architectures, wireless communications and mobile agent computing  Can IT play a major role in providing greater security: - Yes, both through using public networks and implementing customized (closed) solutions

PS ERC 3 ISO Open system Requirements and IT Needs Access to network monitoring data Access to relevant databases Ability to understand possible contingencies/risks/limits associated with particular energy transactions Coordination of maintenance schedules for improved generation and network availability and reliability

PS ERC 4 Technician Summary Report Comprehensive Report System Users Brief Report EngineerDispatcher Technician according to the need of a particular category of users. Reports are disseminated via etc.

PS ERC 5 The IT’s Role in Implementing Open Systems Concept for EMS Power system monitoring, control and protection infrastructure is still “closed” for data integration and information exchange with EMS Old, substation legacy solutions, need to be substituted with open systems New applications are needed to fully motivate and utilize open systems

PS ERC 6 Existing Infrastructure CFLMSPEEMS LMS FL ISSC RC DFRIEDDPRRTUSOE ASASAAS AS AS LEVEL I CENTRALIZED LOCATION LEVEL II SUBSTATION LEVEL III SWITCHYARD INTERFACE

PS ERC 7 Mobile Agent Server System wide analysis COMTRADE IEC , Fax, Hosting, WWW, Pager Notification Intranet Internet Wide-area networks (hubs, routers, gateways) SER DFR GPS Substation Analysis and Control DDR IED RTUDPR System wide control SER DFR GPS Substation Analysis and Control DDR IED RTUDPR Future Infrastructure

PS ERC 8 Maintenance Scheduling In a deregulated environment: 1. GENCO and DISCO Submit the initial schedules to ISO 2. ISO may approve or disapprove the schedules schedule response

PS ERC 9 Maintenance Scheduling In a deregulated environment: 1. GENCO and DISCO Submit the initial schedules to ISO 2. ISO may approve or disapprove the schedules schedule response

PS ERC 10 Difficulties Diverse ownership of the equipment Distributed information among multiple entities Communication and coordination among market participants

PS ERC 11 Requirement on New Method Work on heterogeneous hardware platforms and operating systems. Able to authenticate and authorize the users. Provide secure communicate channels in the cases that the public network is used to connect the GENCO and the ISO. Integrate with the existing systems well.

PS ERC 12 New Method Each GENCO is represented by an agent The agent is traveling between the GENCO and the ISO to exchange information Agents can adjust their acts to adapt the changed situation Some negotiation algorithm can be used to control the action of agents

PS ERC 13 Substation Automation IT Needs Wireless communications: - enable introduction of new IEDs - provide required robustness - facilitate data integration Mobile agent computing: - facilitates use of distributed databases - enables integration of legacy systems - provides effective means of information exchange

PS ERC 14 Substation Automation IT Needs (continued) Real-time processing: - smart sensors - analog/digitals signals processing - “continuous” data processing Fault-tolerant architectures: - substation/device applications - distributed data bases - alternative communication paths

PS ERC 15

PS ERC 16 Distributed System TR 1640 TR 100 TR Report Viewer Viewer invoked Report received Data displayed New event detected Event is copied Event is analyzed Event is copied Event is archived Database queried Request processed CentralServer SubstationClient

PS ERC 17 Fig 7. Report Viewer Displays Waveform Plot for Event # 617 Example of Report Viewer

PS ERC 18 IT role in providing greater security Intrusion detection and attack mitigation Redundancy capability for supporting enhanced tolerance to failures Ability to dynamically reconfigure and/or switch data sources Graceful degradation for reduced functionality and fail-safe provision for forced system shut down