Senate Bill 99 Composting Overview Derek Rompot Illinois EPA

What you really need to know: Derek Rompot Illinois Environmental Protection Agency

What is Composting Biological treatment process Decomposition of organic portion of waste Finished Compost – humus like product used as a soil conditioner

From a Regulatory Standpoint Composting (“Organic Composting”) – By definition a “Pollution Control Facility” – Local Siting Required (per Sec 39.2 of the Act) – Illinois EPA Permit Required – Regulated by 35 IAC 807

From a Regulatory Standpoint Landscape Waste Composting – By definition not a “Pollution Control Facility” – No Local Siting Review Required – Illinois EPA Permit Required – Regulated by 35 IAC 830

Landscape Waste Composting Grass or shrubbery cuttings, leaves, tree limbs and other materials accumulated as the result of the care of lawns, shrubbery, vines and trees. Regulated by 35 Illinois Administrative Code (IAC) parts

Organic Composting Organic Waste Composting – Source separated organic waste Mixed Municipal Waste - non-source separated municipal solid waste Regulated by 35 IAC Part 807

What does Senate Bill 099 Do? If a facility meets certain requirements: – Material to be composted (food scrap) – And In-vessel composting –or- Location standards The Facility is not a “Pollution Control Facility”

What does that mean? No Local Siting review required!!! – Simplifies the permitting process Note: Permit from Illinois EPA is still required Regulated under 35 IAC 807

SB099 Materials Allowed Food scrap Livestock waste (30,000 cubic yards onsite) Crop residue uncontaminated wood waste Paper waste, – corrugated paper – cardboard

SB099 Location Standards Either : Materials to be placed in vessel by end of day Or Meet Location standards – Equivalent location standards for landscape waste composting facilities

SB099 Location Standards Setback 200 feet from potable water supply Outside 10 year floodplain (or flood proofed) Setback 1/8 mile from nearest residence Setback 1/8 mile – hospitals, schools, day-care Potential for end-of-day incorporation if located w/in ¼ mile of residence or ½ mile of neighborhood

SB099 Location Standards No compost w/in 5 feet of the water table Control of run-off and leachate Comply w/ Wild and Scenic Rivers Act Address 100-year flood concerns Historic Preservation Act Natural Landmark Illinois Natural Areas Preservation Act Endangered Species Act

Illinois EPA Regulations Available on-line at Composting falls under solid waste regulations – 35 IAC 807 Specific regulations have been developed for landscape waste composting – 35 IAC

35 IAC 807 General Solid waste regulations Does not specifically address composting “Thou shall not do bad” Illinois EPA will use landscape waste composting regulations (35 IAC 830) as guidelines in permit review.

Etc. Landscape waste composters can accept up to 10% non-landscape waste if Permit allows – Facility can modify existing permit to allow No fee from Illinois EPA for permitting Landscape waste composting permits issued for 5 years 807 Composting permits have no expiration

What if I do both? If a facility is composting landscape waste + food scrap/manure greater than 10% Can avoid local siting review Need two (2) permits – 830 permit for the landscape waste composting – 807 permit for organic portion of composting

End of SB099 The following slides mention concerns about composting in general, and are issues that Illinois EPA consider during the review of Permit Applications.

General Concerns Proper Composting Conditions Compost Recipe (C:N ratio) Location Standards (basis for permit denial) Stockpiles/Windrows Odors Vectors End Product Use (accumulation)

Proper Composting Conditions Aerobic Conditions Windrows (or In-Vessel) Temperature Moisture Oxygen Content

Compost Recipes Recipe is mixture of different materials to get desired finished compost C:N ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 Carbon – “browns” – woody material Nitrogen – “greens” – grass, leaves Carbon Stockpiles – inspection concern

Inspection/Complaint Concerns Liter/Debris Stockpiles/windrows – Proper location – Adequate spacing Proper Operation – Temperature – Moisture – Oxygen (turning)

Inspection/Complaint Concerns Odors Vectors Finished Compost – Amount on-site/storage finished compost – Potential open dumping issues if compost not removed form site in timely (one year) manner