Mental Health

Mental Health What Is Mental Health? What Is Mental Illness? Because there is such a variation in the definition of mental health/illness there can be conflict. Because of the cultural, family and individual difference defining or putting a label on individual can be misleading. The first step in understanding and working with mentally ill patients is to understand your self. What is mental health to you? What is mental illness to you? One nurse described mental illness as the mind expressing it discomfort through thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. To be able to work with the mentally ill patient the must must under stand SELF. We are a product of our beliefs and values and those beliefs and values can impact how we respond to people. Give me examples of how your beliefs impact your reaction to others. Mental illness has a stigma attached to it? Each person is a composite of the mind, body, spirit and environment

Mental Health Is: A life long process a sense of harmony and balance for the individual, family, friends and community. Not concrete Life long process that includes sense of harmony and balance for the individual, family and friends and community. There is an increase in the world today of mental behavioral and social health problems

What are the components of a mentally healthy person??

Emotional Intelligence Managing your own emotions internally Emotional self control Recognizing emotions in others Handling Relationships Your emotions

Resiliency Insight Independence Relationships Initiative Creativity Humor Optimistic approach to life Morality

Spirituality Relationships, values Questions of purpose of meaning in life

Mental Health Why do people have mental problems? How do we come to an understanding of mental illness? Why do people have mental problems? Worries – loss of meaning in life – Fears – Anxiety - Biologic factors – Loss of emotional control – Ineffective communication – manipulation – excessive dependency – withdrawal from relationships – homelessness – sexism – ageism – poverty – violence – racism – lack of resources – substance abuse or dependence The number of individuals who have mental problems is in the millions? Majority of mental health individuals are not in mental hospitals. Will see everywhere. Mental Health or psychiatric nursing has come a long way over the last 50 years.

Mental Health Theories Intrapersonal Freud Erikson Social-Interpersonal Sullivan Maslow Freud: conscious & personality Conscious, subconscious, unconscious Personality: id – self (pleasure principle) ego – reality (reality principle) superego – morality Anxiety needs defense mechanisms Erikson: developmental tasks not just from instinctual and biological to social and cultural Through life-span

Game Time!! Compensation Reaction Formation Denial Regression Displacement Identification Intellectualization Introjection Minimization Projection Reaction Formation Regression Repression Sublimation Substitution Undoing Rationalization

Mental Health Theories Behavioral Skinner Cognitive Piaget Beck

Mental Health Theories Neurobiologic Theory Genetic Factors Neurotransmission Gender How do these theories relate to one another? Why do we even look at theories? Enables practice to be in a framework. Nursing uses these theories as: Guidelines for understanding clinical problems. Prescriptions for practice Aides in predicting outcomes of practice They are all a way of interpreting clinical data.

Mental Health Nursing Therapeutic Relationship Caring Basis for nursing Compassion Sensitivity

Mental Health Nursing Hildegard Peplau identified the Nurse-Patient Relationship Introductory Phase Working Phase Termination Phase Some feel there is a pre-interaction phase – this is the time you find out about the patient before meeting Examine own feeling, fears and anxieties about working with mental disorders With intro and working phase may see Transference – past feeling onto nurse Counter-transference – nurse transfers feelings onto patient because of their past

Conditions Essential for a Therapeutic Relationship

Positive Regard Trust Non-judgmental Acceptance Warmth Empathy Authenticity Positive Regard Trust Non-judgmental Acceptance Warmth Empathy Authenticity

Nursing Process-Critical Thinking Think independently Humility Courage Integrity Perseverance Empathy Fair-mindedness Think independently – use the knowledge we have to make our own decisions Humility – we do not know it all Courage – willingness to look at other views ways of doing things Integrity – question our own beliefs as quickly as we do others Perseverance – seek to come to right answer not the quickest Empathy – understanding the other person Fair-mindedness – look at all the view points before making a decision

Assessment General Appearance Mood or Affect Awareness Sensory Ability Attitude Expressive Aspects of Behavior Lifestyle patterns Consciousness Thought Content General Appearance physical appearance – grooming – posture – speech – responses Expressive behavior general movement - gait – gestures Level of Consciousness Thought process and perception Coping devices Intelligence Developmental level Memory Thought Processes and perception Judgment

Nursing Diagnosis

Nursing Diagnosis vs DSM-IV-TR Axis I: Major illnesses Axis II: Personality and Developmental Axis III: physical problems Axis IV: psychosocial stressors Hopelessness Self-Care deficit Impaired verbal communication Altered family process

Roles of Psychiatric Nurse Socializing Agent Teacher Model Advocate Counselor Role Player Milieu Manager

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