Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Fifth edition Seeley, Stephens and Tate Slide 2.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 19: Reproductive Systems

Female Reproductive System Slide 16.21a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovaries  Duct System  Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)  Uterus  Vagina  External genitalia (Vulva)

Female Reproductive System Slide 16.21b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.8a

Ovaries Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Homologous to testes  Contain ovarian follicles  Follicle structure  Oocyte  Follicular cells Figure 16.7

Ovarian Cycle Stages Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Primary follicle  contains an immature oocyte  Graafian (vesicular) follicle  contains a maturing oocyte

Ovaries Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.7 Primary Oocyte Graafian follicle

Ovarian Cycle Stages Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovulation  Releases oocyte from ovary  Occurs about every 28 days (on “day 14”)  Corpus luteum:  Remnants of ruptured follicle  Secretes progesterone and estrogen

Ovaries Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.7 Corpus Luteum

Support for Ovaries Slide 16.24a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Suspensory ligaments – to lateral walls of the pelvis  Ovarian ligaments – to uterus  Broad ligament  A fold of peritoneum  Drapes over reproductive organs

Support for Ovaries Slide 16.24b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.8b

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Homologous to vas deferens  Receive the ovulated oocyte  Provide a site for fertilization  Extensions of uterus  Do not physically attach to ovary  Suspended by broad ligament

Uterine Tube Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Fimbriae – finger-like projections at distal end  Infundibulum: flared end of tube  Ampulla: long, wide portion  Isthmus: narrow, attach to uterus  Intramural portion: through uterine wall

Support for the Uterus Slide 16.28b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.8b

Uterine Tube Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cilia:  Iine walls of tubes  move oocyte towards uterus (takes 3–4 days)  Functions:  Site of fertilization  Move ovum toward uterus

Uterus Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Between urinary bladder and rectum  Hollow, muscular organ  Homologous to prostate gland  Functions to:  Receive  Retain fertilized egg  Nourish

Support for the Uterus Slide 16.28a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Broad ligament – attached to the pelvic wall  Round ligaments – anchor anteriorly to labia majora  Uterosacral ligaments – anchor posteriorly to sacrum

Support for the Uterus Slide 16.28b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.8b

Regions of the Uterus Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Body – main portion  Fundus – area where uterine tubes enter  Cervix – narrow outlet  protrudes into the vagina

Walls of the Uterus Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Endometrium  Inner layer  Allows for implantation of fertilized egg  Sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs  During menses

Walls of the Uterus Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Myometrium  Middle layer of smooth muscle  Thick  Oxytocin stimulates contraction  Perimetrium – outer layer  Visceral peritoneum

Structures of the Uterus Slide 16.28b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.8b

Vagina Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Extends from cervix to exterior of body  Posterior to urethra, anterior to rectum  Serves as the birth canal  Receives the penis during sexual intercourse  Hymen – mucous membrane over entry

Female Reproductive System Slide 16.21b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.8a

External Genitalia (Vulva) Slide 16.32a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Mons pubis  Fatty area overlying pubic symphysis  Covered with pubic hair after puberty Figure 16.9

External Genitalia (Vulva) Slide 16.32b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Labia – skin folds  Labia majora  Homologous to scrotum  Labia minora Figure 16.9

External Genitalia Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Vestibule: potential space between labia  Enclosed by labia majora  Contains openings  urethra  vagina  vestibular glands

External Genitalia Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Clitoris  Contains erectile tissue  Homologous to penis  One function: sexual pleasure

Oogenesis: FYI Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The total supply of eggs is present at birth (~400,000)  Ova mature, are released at puberty  Reproductive ability ends at menopause  Oocytes mature in developing follicles

Oogenesis: FYI Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Oogonia (stem cells)  undergo mitosis  produce primary oocytes  Surrounded by future follicle cells  In fetus only

Oogenesis: FYI Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Primary oocytes are inactive until puberty  FSH causes primary follicles to mature  Meiosis starts inside maturing follicle  Produces a secondary oocyte and first polar body  Meiosis is completed only if ovum is fertilized

Oogenesis: FYI Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 16.10