Knowledge processes

Data, information, knowledge These words don’t mean the same These words don’t mean the same We use different tools in work with each type of knowing We use different tools in work with each type of knowing

Data,information, knowledge

Data We can sensually monitor them We can sensually monitor them Objective facts/symbols (not dependent on our consciousness) Objective facts/symbols (not dependent on our consciousness) Quantificable (speed, capacity, costs) Quantificable (speed, capacity, costs) Quality of information process is not dependent on amount of accessible data Quality of information process is not dependent on amount of accessible data

Information  Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions Data with specific meaning Data with specific meaning Related to needs of user Related to needs of user Contain specific purpose Contain specific purpose Subjective character Subjective character Value of information Value of information

Knowledge  application of data and information;  Information in interaction with our –Experience –Mental models and processes –Relationships –Values and principles Applied in action Applied in action Knowledge management  IS/IT Knowledge management  IS/IT  answers "how" questions

Wisdom accumulated knowledge of life accumulated knowledge of life gives us real understanding gives us real understanding asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer resides as much in the heart as in the mind resides as much in the heart as in the mind Can’t be described by words Can’t be described by words

Explicit and tacit knowledge Two forms of knowledge Two forms of knowledge Explicit k. – can be expressed by var. Means Explicit k. – can be expressed by var. Means –Transferable –Expressable by data

Explicit and tacit knowledge Tacit k. – (implicit) highly personal, cannot be easily expressed Tacit k. – (implicit) highly personal, cannot be easily expressed Interaction of expl.k. and intuition,experience,skills,ment.models etc. Interaction of expl.k. and intuition,experience,skills,ment.models etc. Examples Examples Dimensions (individual-organization) Dimensions (individual-organization) Example with waitress Example with waitress

Try to identify utmost examples of tacit and explicit knowledge in the univerity ambient Try to identify utmost examples of tacit and explicit knowledge in the univerity ambient

Tacit knowledge „We know more than we can say“ „We know more than we can say“

Conversion Change of form of information Change of form of information Results in origination of new information Results in origination of new information

Conversion

Conversion Conversion process=SECI Conversion process=SECI –Socialization –Externalization –Combination –Internalization Authors: Nonaka and Takeuchi Authors: Nonaka and Takeuchi

Sharing tacit knowledge Narrating stories (analogies, symbols) Narrating stories (analogies, symbols) Apprenticeship (long-term,binding) Apprenticeship (long-term,binding) Communities of practices Communities of practices

Knowledge market Every information exchange in org. Every information exchange in org. Vital for every org. Vital for every org. Physical and virtual space Physical and virtual space

Knowledge market Vendors Vendors Buyers Buyers Mediators Mediators Price of knowledge Price of knowledge Role of confidence Role of confidence Why are info. provided for free Why are info. provided for free

Knowledge market Knowledge market signals Knowledge market signals –Inform, how and where to get concrete information –Formal (status, education) –Informal (communities, informal knowledge networks)

Which information can be sold and bought (and for what price) in academic sphere? Which information can be sold and bought (and for what price) in academic sphere?

Disfunctional knowledge market When... When... It’s hard to find a vendor It’s hard to find a vendor It’s hard to attain him It’s hard to attain him It’s hard to evaluate the quality of information in advance It’s hard to evaluate the quality of information in advance

Supporting knowledge market in organization Verbal and institutional support Verbal and institutional support Tools to evaluate knowledge Tools to evaluate knowledge Motivation Motivation Space organization Space organization Accent on reusing kn. Accent on reusing kn.

Analysis of physical place Purpose(s) of the place Purpose(s) of the place Information from the place itself Information from the place itself Exceptionality of place in knowledge sharing Exceptionality of place in knowledge sharing Accordance of purpose and disposition of the place Accordance of purpose and disposition of the place Atmosphere of place as incentive of informal knowledge exchange Atmosphere of place as incentive of informal knowledge exchange Groups of people attracted by the place and correspondence or concurrence in their needs Groups of people attracted by the place and correspondence or concurrence in their needs Suggestions how to optimize the place in order to foster knowledge exchange Suggestions how to optimize the place in order to foster knowledge exchange