American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Roland Viger Andrew Bock U.S. Geological Survey Denver, Colorado

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 What Are the Components of a National Hydrologic Model? 1.Hydrologic models and software tools 2.National “Geospatial Fabric” a consistent spatial context for any study, model application, data collection, etc. 3.Best available data National extent Freely available Model-ready (processing and formatting)

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Why Create a Geospatial Fabric? 1.Infrastructure for Nat’l Hydro Modeling (NHM) 2.Simplify simulation of streamflow at (almost) any point in US Pre-process feature delineation & parameterization Support PRMS, NWBM, SPARROW, WaterSmart Census 3.Method for indexing & sharing of results Use hydrography to organize information resources related to hydrologic modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 What Is a Geospatial Fabric? GIS dataset of hydrologic modeling features Sets of parameter tables Methodology and software for derivation Information architecture

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 PRMS Conceptualization Surface Subsurface Groundwater Infiltration Recharge Streamflow Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Geospatial Fabric features dataset 1.Points of Interest (POIs) 2.Stream segments 3.Hydrologic Response Units Areas of homogenous hydrologic behavior A nationally consistent set of geographic features used for hydrologic modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Geospatial Fabric parameter table set 1.Topology/connectivity for routing 2.Topography 3.Land Cover 4.Soils 5.Hydrogeology Indexed to GF features dataset, Based on a fixed set of ancillary data

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Geospatial Fabric Methodology 1.Turning NHDPlus into something more relevant for modeling 2.Automated derivation 3.Uses best available data 4.Relevant research and development in the field of hydrologic modeling to answer increasingly complex questions, and to take advantage of improved data sources as they become available. 5. Information architecture for model application Distribution Comparability interoperability This archive process is a key to coupling models from diverse scientific disciplines. Defines/documents a nationally consistent set of methods for deriving features and parameters

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Aggregate NHDPlus catchments based on Points of Interest (POIs) to make HRUs Geospatial Fabric Methodology

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 NHDPlus: Regions & Production Units

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 NHDPlus Catchments

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF feature dataset: Points of Interest Aggregate NHDPlus features based on POIs to define segments & HRUs POIs : Gages II USGS Reference/non Ref. Gages SPARROW National Weather Service River Forecast Centers Major confluences and waterbody inlets/outlets Travel time points (< 1 day) Elevation bands (500m) User supplied HUC12 outlets Aggregate NHDPlus features based on POIs to define segments & HRUs POIs : Gages II USGS Reference/non Ref. Gages SPARROW National Weather Service River Forecast Centers Major confluences and waterbody inlets/outlets Travel time points (< 1 day) Elevation bands (500m) User supplied HUC12 outlets

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF feature dataset: Segments Minimally sufficient set of NHDPlus Flowlines to connect POI pairs, Dissolved into a single feature Minimally sufficient set of NHDPlus Flowlines to connect POI pairs, Dissolved into a single feature

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF feature dataset: Incremental Contributing Areas (ICAs) Aggregate all NHDPlus Flowline Catchments associated with a POI

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF feature dataset: Hydrologic Response Units Split ICAs by segment into “left-bank” and “right-bank” areas

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF feature dataset: Hydrologic Response Units

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF parameter sets: Current production NLCD 2001 STATSGO NHD local-res waterbodies Hydrogeology (permeability from Gleeson et al, 2011) Pre-processed NLCD 2001 STATSGO NHD local-res waterbodies Hydrogeology (permeability from Gleeson et al, 2011) Pre-processed Elevation Aspect Slope X/Y/lat/long Area Soil moisture Soil recharge Soil type Fluxes Cover type Cover density Interception Transmissivity Imperviousness Waterbodies

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF parameter sets: plans for future NLCD 2006, 2010, etc SSURGO NASA imagery Improve empirical methods based on historical images  Huge help when using projections w/limited content Land cover forecasts Urbanization/imperviousness Snow cover area/equivalence Canopy height for stream shading Dynamic parameter generation GDP, etc NLCD 2006, 2010, etc SSURGO NASA imagery Improve empirical methods based on historical images  Huge help when using projections w/limited content Land cover forecasts Urbanization/imperviousness Snow cover area/equivalence Canopy height for stream shading Dynamic parameter generation GDP, etc

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Jacob LaFontaine (GA WSC) Example of aggregated NHDPlus in the Apalachicola- Chattahoochee -Flint (ACF) River basin, Georgia ~50,000 km 2

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Jacob LaFontaine (GA WSC) Original NHDPlus data: 5233 waterbodies 26,208 flowlines 25,908 catchments Geospatial Fabric: 7 major waterbodies 313 points of interest (POI) 652 hydrologic response units (HRUS)

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 # of NHDPlus Geospatial Fabric Geographic Region flowlinescatchmentsPOIssegmentsHRUsArea New England Mid Atlantic South Atlantic Gulf Great Lakes Upper Ohio River Lower Ohio River Upper Mississippi Lower Mississippi Sourice Red-Rainy 10L Lower Missouri 10U Upper Missouri White-Red-Arkansas Texas Gulf Rio Grande Upper Colorado Lower Colorado Great Basin Pacific Northwest California Hawaii Puerto Rico NHDPlus vs. Geospatial Fabric

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) Streamgage Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Pull a stand-alone coarse resolution model from the larger one Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Pull a stand-alone coarse resolution model from the larger one Nest a stand-alone fine resolution model Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Pull a stand-alone coarse resolution model from the larger one Nest a stand-alone fine resolution model Stand-alone models can be re-calibrated and nested back into the coarse resolution model Coarse Resolution Hydrologic Model Coarse HRUs based on stream gages and other “real-world” locations to enable nesting of models GF as Information Architecture Enables subsetting and multi-scale modeling

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Stream network Gages Calibration rounds based on gages Lumen: tool for exploiting Information architecture

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GF: how is it different? NHDPlus complexity National Hydrography Dataset scale/resolution stability ArcHydro tool set, like the GIS Weasel data model NHDPlus complexity National Hydrography Dataset scale/resolution stability ArcHydro tool set, like the GIS Weasel data model

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Conclusions for the Geospatial Fabric Nationally consistent set of features Scale, detail relevant for hydrological modeling One of many possible sets of parameters Ready to be applied to other data streams Establishes well-known/community-based methods Information handling approach: More than just a data set!

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13,

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 John Walker (WI WSC) NHDPlus Region 10Lower Loch Vale Watershed, CO

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Loch Vale Watershed, CO

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Loch Vale Watershed, CO 100km 2 1.5km 2

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, km 2 1.5km 2 Loch Vale Watershed, CO

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Hydrologic Model (parameterization) Spatial parameters  GIS interface  GDP Impervious Area Vegetation Land Cover Terrain and Hydrology

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 Current Condition Climate data for model forcing available from GDP Andy Bock (CO WSC) Greg McCabe (NRP) Dwight Atkinson (EPA) Type of climate dataGDP Dataset NameTime step Dataset Abbrev. Period of Record Grid SpacingReference Gridded product based on station data Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model Monthly PRISM km Daly and others (2001) DayMET model 1 Daily DayMET km Thornton and others (2012) Gridded Observed Meteorological Data Daily Maurer /8 o Maurer and others (2002) Dynamically Downscaled GCM North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program 2 (5 GCMs downscaled with 9 RCMs) Daily NARCCAP km Mearns and others (2007) USGS Dynamical Downscaled Regional Climate (4 GCMs downscaled with 1 RCM) Daily Hostetler km Hostetler and others (2011) Statistically Downscaled GCM CONUS Daily Downscaled Climate Projections (12 GCMs) Daily Hayhoe /8 o Stoner and others (2012) Bias Corrected Spatially Downscaled Monthly Climate Predictions (16 GCMs) Monthly BCSD /8 o Maurer and others (2007)

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 GeoData Portal (GDP) Best Available Data HRU summary Mapped to model format Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) Shape File GDP

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012 What happened behind the scenes? Gridded output Statistical summaries of gridded output by basin subunits

American Water Resources Association 2012 Annual Conference Jacksonville, Florida November 13, 2012