Crime at Sea and Human Insecurity in Southeast Asia (1): Factors, Dilemmas and Macro- Agendas Jun Honna JICA Research Institute Symposium on Human Security in ASEAN Integration ASEAN-JICA Joint Research Project

Transnational Crime as a Growing Industry: Major Factors The Fall of Soviet Union and the Rise of Russian Mafia in Asia The Asian Economic Crisis in 1997/8 Hong Kong's Transfer of Sovereignty to China China’s Economic Growth Indonesia’s Regime Change Yakuza’s Transformation

Piracy

Arms Smuggling

Illegal Logging

Human Trafficking

Illicit Drugs

Major Impacts on Human Security Increasing Number of Crime Victims Criminalization of Local Communities Enduring Economic Loss Disturbing Development Plans Polluting Political Process and Security Sector

Dilemmas of Securitization Criminalizing Victims Blurring Police-Military Boundaries De-Politicizing Policy Evaluation Over-emphasizing ‘Transnationality’ Diplomacizing Domesticity

Agendas for Mainstreaming Human Security De-criminalizing Victims Community Empowerment Sharing Best-Practices, Harmonizing Regional Counter-Measures Standardizing the Concept, Interpretation, Scope, and Subject of Human Security in Policy Formulation

To be Continued …