What are Ores? Most metals are too …………… to exist on their own in the ground. Instead they exist combined with other elements (typically o……….. or sulphur) as ……………….. called …………. A few metals are so ……………….. that they exist uncombined, as ……….metals e.g. gold, ……………….. MetalName of oreCompound in ore AluminiumBauxiteAluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Words: oressilverreactive oxygencompoundsunreactive pure

Displacement Reactions 1. Iron + Copper Sulphate  Iron Sulphate + Copper 2. Copper + Silver Nitrate  Copper Nitrate + Silver 3. Sodium + Zinc Carbonate  Sodium Carbonate + Zinc 4. Potassium + Iron Oxide  5. Gold + Copper Carbonate  Gold + Copper Carbonate No reaction! Can you figure out why? Potassium Oxide + Iron

Watch this video clip: It is called the thermite reaction. The symbol equation is: Fe 2 O 3 + Al  Al 2 O 3 + Fe 1.Copy out the symbol equation and write the word equation underneath. 2.Why does this reaction happen? 3.Do you think that it’s a commercially viable way of extracting iron from its ore? Explain your answer. How do we extract metals from ores?

Potassium Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Copper Silver Gold Carbon (not a metal) So how is it done? The reactivity series of metals… Carbon can be used to extract some metals from their ores e.g. Copper oxide + Carbon  Copper + Carbon dioxide The copper oxide has lost oxygen. This is called a reduction reaction.

Potassium Sodium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Copper Silver Gold Extracted from their ores by electrolysis (using electricity) Extracted from their ores by reduction by carbon No extraction necessary – found pure in the ground.