Europe: The Middle Ages AP WORLD HISTORY.

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By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

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Presentation transcript:

Europe: The Middle Ages AP WORLD HISTORY

Periodization CE Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6th Century

The Medieval Catholic Church monasticism: monks & nuns living together in community poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools monasteries = inns, hospitals, refuge libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks  missionaries

Illuminated Manuscripts

A Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

The Power of the Medieval Church bishops and abbots = large part of feudal system. church controlled 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tithe  1/10 tax given to the church.

Romanesque Architectural Style Rounded Arches. Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Dark interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Charlemagne: 742 to 814 First to have this title “emperor” in over 300 years. The focus shifted away from Mediterranean and up into Northern Europe

Charlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

The Carolingian Renaissance Carolingian (from Latin, Charles) – protectors of the Frankish Kings (kings under Charlegmaine)…military effectiveness of resisting Muslim advances. Rebirth of old Roman traditions/values. Including writing.

Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

Feudalism A political and social system based on loyalty, land, and military service. System was not that simple: Relations between all of these people differed too much form on e place to another and form on time to another to fit together in anything resembling a system.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle FRANCE

Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

The Medieval Manor The lord of the manor provided governance and justice, direct royal government being quite limited. The king had only few financial resources and seldom exercised legal jurisdiction at a local level. Monasteries and nunneries fell under jurisdiction of the church. Women could own land – noble women administered husband’s estates when we was away at war.

Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry) Came from what is today France…attacked England and became King. Build motes, towers, TOWER OF ENGLAND – to protect his reign.

High Middle Ages after 1200

Magna Carta, 1215: ENGLAND “Great Charter” kings had to consult a council of advisors to tax Rights of NOBILTY

Conflict Between Church and Rulers Who would have primary power in Europe? Popes or Kings? Investiture Conflict: Who would appoint important church officials? Slowly…over time, Kings won out.

Gothic Architectural Style Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade Against heresey Wanted trade routes Nobels (especially younger sons who didn’t inherit land) were hungry for land wanted to increase their stauus Church wanted to demonstrate its political authority over western christiandom.

Setting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and West 1st crusade captured Jerusalem 1099 Muslims got it back in 1187

Medieval Universities

Oxford University

Medieval Guilds Guild Hall Associations of Craftsmen Monopolies Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman Controlled quality of the product & prices

Late Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

Medieval Trade