OFFICE OF SCIENCE The Making of the Spallation Neutron Source A 25-Year Journey Patricia Dehmer Deputy Director for Science Programs & Acting Director Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy Download this talk at U.S.-Sweden First Joint Consultative Group Meeting U.S.-Sweden First Joint Consultative Group Meeting 21 April 2009

2 The 1984 “Seitz-Eastman Report” of the National Academy of Sciences The first call for a pulsed spallation neutron source in the U.S.  The 1984 “Seitz-Eastman Report” (a.k.a., “Major Facilities for Materials Research and Related Disciplines ”) presented priorities for new facilities.  The new facilities in order of priority were:  a 6 GeV synchrotron radiation facility (the Advanced Photon Source at ANL, commissioned in 1996);  an advanced steady state neutron facility (the Advanced Neutron Source at ORNL, terminated in 1995);  a 1 to 2 GeV synchrotron radiation facility (the Advanced Light Source at LBNL, commissioned in 1993); and  a high intensity pulsed neutron facility (the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL, commissioned in 2006).

3 Evolution of Machines for Neutron Beam Scattering

FROM MATERIALS PROPERTIES … TO PROCESS AND FUNCTION Courtesy John Axe & Sunny Sinha, 1997 Power requirements -- best guess at the time

5 5 Spallation Neutron Source Primary Parameters

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7 7 Spallation Neutron Source Project

8 SNS Project Site — Spring 1999

9 Rep. Wamp Sec. Richardson Vice Pres. Gore Gov. Sundquist Sen. Frist Rep. Gordon ORNL Dir. Trivelpiece SNS Dir. Moncton Rep. Duncan Spallation Neutron Source Groundbreaking 15 December 1999

10 October 2000

11 October 2000, Site Plan

March 2002

13 August 2002

14 August 2002

15 November 2002

16  ~53% complete overall (including 94% of R&D, 85% of design, 39% of technical hardware, 46% of conventional construction, and 14% of installation)  ~90% of planned procurements had been awarded  Intensive conventional construction activity on site and hardware fabrication by industry under contracts to the 6 Labs  Project staffed at plan (~ 650 FTEs including Labs and AE/CM, plus over 500 construction workers on site); staffing peaked in FY 2002  Outstanding safety performance while completing ~1.6 million construction hours November 2002 A proton’s view of the target building from the exit of the ring tunnel

17 June 2003

18 June 2003

19 April 2004

20 The Spallation Neutron Source Today

Linac Tunnel

Looking toward the ion source Looking toward the accumulator ring

23 Inner Reflector Plug Installation

24 Overview of the Target – 14 November 2005 Thom Mason, Jack Marburger, Jim Roberto

27 Mercury Target Module  Original target module has exceeded planned fluence goal (SNS power level is currently 700 kW)  If target does not reach end of life by July 2009 shutdown, it will be removed to minimize impact on user program.

SNS Energy and Power on Target

SNS – What’s Next? 1.Science output 2.Continuous technical improvements

SNS Instrument Suite

31 Instrument Commissioning 4 instruments operating < currently operating 13 will be operational in 2009 All instruments are approved through a formal process

32 SNS Power Upgrade Linac beam energy upgrade to 1.3 GeV by adding 9 superconducting cryomodules. Eventual increases in H- ion source beam, improvements in target module, and other upgrades.

33 SNS Second Target Station  New spallation target and supporting systems and buildings  Initial suite of neutron beam instruments  Cost in the $1B range

34 The Spallation Neutron Source – The First 25 Years’ of the Journey