EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations1 Weekend Cabin Retreat Project Elevations Sacramento City College EDT 300 Kenneth Fitzpatrick, P.E.

2EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Objectives u List exterior elevation features. u Show elevation dimensions. u Show elevation symbols. u Draw typical exterior elevations.

3EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevations u An elevation is an orthographic projection (drawing) that shows one side of the building. u The term "elevation" usually refers to an exterior elevation. u Various interior elevations may be drawn, but they are usually considered to be details.

4EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevations u Elevations u Show the finished appearance of a given side of the building. u Show vertical height dimensions.

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11EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevations u Four elevations are customarily drawn-one for each side of the house. u More than four elevations may be required to describe some structures.

12EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevation Drawings u Elevation drawings provide u Height information about basic features of the house that cannot be shown very well on other drawings. u Exterior materials information such as siding and roof covering.

13EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevation Drawing Information u Elevation drawings should include: u Identification of the specific side the house that the elevation represents. u Grades. u Finished floor and ceiling levels. u Location of exterior wall corners. u Windows and doors. u Roof features. u Vertical dimensions of important features. u Porches, decks and patios. u Material symbols.

14EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevation Identification u Identify each elevation as to the particular wall it represents. u North Elevation u South Elevation u East Elevation u West Elevation

15EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevation Identification u Two methods commonly used for identifying elevations u Front, Rear, Right Side, and Left Side u North, South, East, and West

16EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevation Identification u Front, Rear, Right Side, and Left Side designation is preferred by most designers. u There is a possibility of confusion when specifying directions.

17EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Elevation Identification u The right and left side elevations are determined by facing the front of the building. u The right side elevation is then on the right side. (!) u Identify each elevation below the drawing to avoid confusion.

18EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u The reference point for most elevations is the grade line. u Study the plot or site plan to determine the existing grade along each exterior wall of the house. u If the existing grade is not satisfactory, a final grade line must be indicated on each elevation affected.

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20EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u Indicate the desired elevation height of the grade at each corner of the house. u Record this information on u The Plot Plan u The Elevation Drawing if the site is not relatively level.

21EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u Below grade features should be drawn in hidden lines. u Foundation walls. u Footings. u Window wells (areaways).

22EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u Floor-to-ceiling height is an important feature of the elevation. u Two methods of representing this height are commonly used.

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24EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u First Method: u Indicate the finished floor-to-finished ceiling distance. u The floor and ceiling are represented using a center line symbol. u First floor finished floor to finished ceiling is 8'-O" u Second floor finished floor to finished ceiling is 7'-6" or 8'-O”.

25EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u Second Method: u Show the construction dimension. u Measured from the top of the subfloor to the top of the wall plate. u The construction dimension u First floor 8'-1 1/2" u Second floor: 7'-7 1/2" or 8'- 1 1/2" u Carpenters usually prefer the this method because it does not require them to do any calculation.

26EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u Garage ceilings minimum recommended height is 8'-O". u Basements must have a clear headroom space of at least 6'-2”. u All beams and heating ducts must be above this height. u A full height ceiling is more desirable and should be specified where practical.

27EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings u Most codes require that the top of the foundation wall be at least 8" above the grade. u This is to protect the framing members from moisture. u The garage floor may be slightly higher than the grade, but should be at least 4" lower than an interior floor when the garage is attached to the house.

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31EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Walls, Windows, and Doors u All visible wall corners are shown on the elevation using object lines.

32EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Walls, Windows, and Doors u Exterior windows and doors must be included on the elevation. u Project from the floor plan for window and door location. u The vertical height is shown only on the elevation drawing.

33EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Walls, Windows, and Doors u Place tops of windows the same height as the tops of doors. u The lower face of the head jamb is considered the height of the opening. u This dimension is usually 6'-10" from the top of the subfloor.

34EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Walls, Windows, and Doors u Show sufficient detail on windows and doors to accurately indicate details. u If windows are hinged, show the swing using the proper symbol. u If the windows or doors have brick mold or other trim then show this on the elevation.

35EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Walls, Windows, and Doors u Show the window and door identification symbols on the elevation plan and floor plan.

36EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Roof Features u Showing roof features on an elevation drawing is important. u The roof style and pitch are shown. u The chimney height and size are shown.

37EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Roof Features u The roof pitch may be indicated using the fractional pitch or slope triangle. u The slope triangle is usually preferred.

38EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Roof Features - Chimney u Chimneys that intersect the roof require more than one view to determine the points where they pass through the roof. u Draw the view where the roof slope is shown first. u This view will indicate where the chimney passes through the roof. u These points may then be projected to other views.

39EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Roof Features - Chimney u The chimney height above the highest roof point must be dimensioned. u A minimum height of the chimney above the ridge is usually 2'-O".

40EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Roof Features - Chimney u Chimney flashing, roof covering material, and gable ventilators are also shown on the elevation. u Use proper symbols and adequate dimensions and notes on the drawings.

41EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols u Dimensions on the elevation drawing are mainly vertical height dimensions. u Dimension: u Thickness of the footing. u Distance from the footing to the grade. u Finished floor-to-finished ceiling distances. u Overhang width. u Height of the top of windows and doors. u Height of chimney above the roof.

42EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols u Other dimensions may be required: u Deck railing. u Retaining walls. u Planters.

43EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols u Include notes where additional information is needed. u Some typical elevation drawing notes: u Grade information. u Exterior wall material notation. u Roof covering material identification. u Fascia material. u flashing material. u Other notes may be required for specific situations.

44EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols u Symbols are commonly used on elevations. u The roof pitch symbol is always shown u The exterior wall covering is usually symbolized. u Show material symbols extensively on the front elevation; show sparingly on the remaining views.

45EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawings u The floor plan shows the width and depth of a house plan and the features of the interior. u The elevations show the width and height of the house and its exterior features.

46EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawings u The floor plan is usually designed first. u The elevations are then projected and designed from the floor plan. u Following these procedural steps will insure an accurate and fast layout for the elevation design.

EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations47 Drawing Elevations

48EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawing Elevations - Step 1 u Tape the finished floor plan to the top of the drawing board, above a blank drawing format for the elevation drawings.

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50EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawing Elevations - Step 2 u Lay out all the horizontal heights for: u The finish grade. u Floor line. u Depth and thickness of footings. u Window and door heights. u Ceiling line. u Eaves line. u Ridge line/board. u Top of chimney.

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52EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawing Elevations - Step 3 u Project the length from the floor plan of: u Walls. u Windows. u Doors. u Chimney. u The lengths of these items have already been determined on the floor plan.

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54EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawing Elevations - Step 4 u Darken in each feature. u Remove construction lines. u Complete the roof design u Add details such as: u Trim details u Gable ventilators u Window wells u Dimensions.

55EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawing Elevations - Step 5 u Add dimensions, notes and symbols. u Draw material symbols list as the last item since it may interfere with other information.

56EDT Cabin Design Project - Elevations Drawing Elevations - Step 6 u Check the drawing to make sure all features are shown. u Repeat these steps for every elevation. u Draw two elevations on one sheet if space permits.

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