Making Economic Policy Wilson 18B
Fragmented System Troika Chairman of Council of Economic Advisors Director of the Office of Management and Budget Secretary of the Treasury Federal Reserve Board Congress Committees Budget, Appropriations Finance CBO Usually majoritarian politics Some interest group politics NAFTA/CAFTA Client group politics lead to mistrust – energy Entrepreneurial?
Budget Conflicting incentives Cut spending overall Cut deficit Support constituents favorite programs Not a 0 sum proposal Decide what will spend money on first Congressional Budget Act of 1974 – budget resolutions Mandatory spending Entitlements like SS, Medicare Appropriations Authorizations
Spending Procedures v. Policies Budget Ceiling Gramm-Rudman Balance Budget Act – 1985 Sequester (summer 2012) Hit 3/1/13 Budget Enforcement Act – 1990 Spending caps Pay-as-you-go
Taxes Good tax? Fairness Burden Predictable US rates low Loopholes Client politics Debates of tax reform Income Tax 16 th Amendment – 1913 Graduated Tax Reform Act of 1986 Flip “20 th Century deal” High rates with large loopholes Bush Tax Cut 6/7/01 Packaged with Stimulus 12/17/10 Passed first 2-year extension 1/1/11 Packaged with debt-ceiling deal 8/2/11 Extended with highest-rate increase 1/2/13