Levels of Development Chapter 9

The following are measures used to gauge levels of economic development in a State. National Product per Person – determined by taking the sum of all incomes accumulated in a year by all of a country’s citizens & dividing it by the total population Figures are converted into a single currency index for purposes of comparison. In core countries, the index can exceed $25,000; In the periphery, it is as low as $100

Occupational Structure of the Labor Force The % of workers employed in various sectors of the economy A high % of laborers engaged in production of food staples signals a low overall level of development

Productivity per Worker The sum of production over the course of a year Divided by the total number of persons in the labor force. Britain has high employment levels but the amount of output produced per worker ­ productivity ­ has historically been lower than in other major economies

Consumption of Energy per person The greater use of electricity & other forms of power The higher level of development

Transportation & Communication facilities per person This measures reduces railway, road, airline connections, telephone, radio & TV to a per capita index The higher the index, the higher level of development

Japan – case study There were about 27,314 km of railway lines under operation in Passengers riding per year were about 385 billion people km. The volume of freight transportation was about 22 billion ton*km. Compared with railways in other countries, one of the special features of railways in Japan is the highly dense volume of passenger transportation.

Consumption of Manufactured Metals per person A strong indicator of development levels in the quantity of iron and steel, copper, aluminum And other metals utilized by a population during a given year

RATES Higher literacy rates Caloric intake per person % of income spent on food Amount of savings per capita