Question of the Day ADD 2.5 points before dividing!!! Unit 7 Quest grade = ____% 2. I feel I was successful or unsuccessful 3. I prepared by… 4. Next time I will prepare by… 5. Goal for next time = ____  If you met your goal + got an A: You may maintain or improve.  If you did not meet your goal it stays the same.

Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of DNA Structure – double-helix (looks like a spiral staircase) Structure – double-helix (looks like a spiral staircase) Function – carries your genetic information Function – carries your genetic information

DNA is the “genetic code” life It controls all aspects of the cell. But how? It controls all aspects of the cell. But how?  By the different proteins that it codes for.  Different proteins have different functions –Enzymes – control / speed up chemical reactions  IE: building ATP or digesting food –Repair, transport, structural proteins

What is the genetic code? Set of rules by which information is transferred from… Set of rules by which information is transferred from… DNA into  RNA into  Protein (using amino acids) DNA into  RNA into  Protein (using amino acids) Even bacteria and viruses have a genetic code Even bacteria and viruses have a genetic code

What are Nucleic Acids? A complex macromolecule that stores information in cells in the form of a code. DNA and RNA. A complex macromolecule that stores information in cells in the form of a code. DNA and RNA. Composed of monomers of nucleotides Composed of monomers of nucleotides

What is DNA? Deoxyribonuclei c acid Deoxyribonuclei c acid Contains the genetic instructions for development / functioning of living things Contains the genetic instructions for development / functioning of living things

What is a nucleotide? A monomer that consists of three parts A monomer that consists of three parts –Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) –Phosphate –Nitrogen Base (A, C, T, G and U)

REVIEW: Monomers and Polymers Define Monomer – Define Monomer – –The smallest unit that makes up a larger molecule Define Polymer Define Polymer – A large molecule formed by many smaller molecules called monomers monomer of proteins = monomer of proteins = mondomer of nucleic acids = mondomer of nucleic acids = amino acids nucleotide

REVIEW Do all organisms have DNA? Do all organisms have DNA? – YES – All living things have a genetic code What is a Protein? What is a Protein? – A large complex polymer composed of amino acids.

REVIEW Peptide Bond – –Covalent bond (sharing electrons) formed between two amino acids (the bonds in proteins)

Question of the Day Structure of DNA = 2. Function of DNA =

On a half sheet of scratch paper What two types of nucleic acids do you know of? 2. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? 3. What process makes proteins from RNA? 4. What is the monomer of a protein?

QUICK TALK 4-20 cell monomer DNA nucleus mitosis eukaryotes phospholipid bilayer photosynthesis mitochondria chromosome diffusion ATP

DNA SONGS:

Question of the Day What two types of nucleic acids do you know of? 2. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Use notes if needed

What are the Nitrogen Bases? Adenine Adenine Guanine Guanine Thymine (DNA only) Thymine (DNA only) Cytosine Cytosine Uracil (RNA only) Uracil (RNA only)

Nitrogen Bases

Nitrogen Base Pairing How do the nitrogen bases pair in DNA? How do the nitrogen bases pair in DNA? –A with T –C with G –RNA  A with U (no Thymine) What holds the nitrogen bases together? What holds the nitrogen bases together? –Hydrogen Bonds

Why is the nucleotide sequence important? Why is the nucleotide sequence important? –All organisms have DNA –The closer the DNA resemblance, the more closely related the organisms are

READ pages (my.hrw.com) AND complete #s 1-2, 4-8 on the bottom of page Previewing Assignment My.hrw.com Chapter 10 section 3 Username = dhe5n Password = p5e8n

DNA REPLICATION DNA Replication – the process of copying DNA DNA Replication – the process of copying DNA When do we copy our DNA? When do we copy our DNA? –S-phase of Interphase

DNA REPLICATION STEP ONE: STEP ONE: –Helicase – An enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases “unzipping” the DNA

DNA REPLICATION Replication Fork – location where the DNA is splitting apart Replication Fork – location where the DNA is splitting apart

DNA REPLICATION STEP TWO: STEP TWO: –DNA POLYMERASE –  An enzyme that bonds free floating nucleotides together to form a new DNA chain

DNA REPLICATION How long does this continue? How long does this continue? –Until the entire chain is copied…forming two new chains Why do we copy DNA? Why do we copy DNA? –So that new cells have the genetic material needed to survive

DNA Replication