Proteins Key Concept: Proteins are essential to the structure & function of life
How to make a macromolecule… Condensation Reaction Remove water
How to break a macromolecule… Hydrolysis Add water
Protein
7 Major Classes of Proteins Structural – includes spider silk, human hair, & fibers that make up tendons & ligament Contractile – provide muscular movement Storage – ovalbumin (egg white) Defensive – antibodies Transport- hemoglobin (iron containing protein in blood) Signal – hormones coordinating body activity Enzymes – serves as a chemical catalyst (changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed)
What do they do? They are the major structural molecules in living things for growth and repair : muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, hair, skin, nails…IN FACT ALL CELL MEMBRANES have protein in them They make up antibodies in the immune system They make up enzymes for helping chemical reactions They makeup non-steriod hormones which THINK: Proteins= membranes, enzymes, antibodies, non-steriod hormones, structural molecules, “MEANS”
Where are proteins located? In plants- in the cell membranes In animals- in the cell membranes- in the muscles of living things- cows, chicken, fish…
PROTEINS MADE UP OF... Proteins are made of long chains (polymers) made of monomers. All proteins are made of the monomer… AMINO ACID
Amino Acids Monomers are linked by condensation The amino acid is held together by a peptide bond 2 amino acids = dipeptide bond 3 or more amino acids = polypeptide bond
Some things made of proteins… Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones Without muscles for structural support we might look like…
Hair, Skin, & Nails…
Cell Membrane The cell membrane surrounds everything in a cell so it doesn’t leak out. It is kind of like the balloon in a water balloon. The cell membrane is made mostly of protein AND lipids
Some others… Part of the immune system. Antibodies Hormones Part of the immune system. Antibodies find “invaders” (bacteria, viruses) and stick themselves onto it. When a white blood cell finds the invader covered with antibodies, it knows it doesn’t belong there and kills it. Hormones are chemicals made in glands that are in one place in the body and then put into the blood to be used in another to stimulate specific cells into action.
Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. If you didn’t have enzymes in your stomach to speed up digestion, the food would rot in your stomach because it would take so long!
PROTEINS Each protein is made up of… Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, AT THE ATOM LEVEL Each protein is made up of… Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur THINK: “CHONS”
Lab Groups Leah & Max Jorge & Mark Kaitlyn & Laila Stephen & Harun Brian & Joshua Brayan & Ridwan Jason & Bean Ava & Jodie Emily & Amanda & Deondre Malani & Rosiland Grace & Abyan Victoria & Lexie Tayler & Malorie
Essential Macromolecules Let’s Review Lipids… Essential Macromolecules Name of Macromolecule Picture Examples Important Information Lipid Define: 1. 2. 3. Saturated: Unsaturated: How do we test for lipids?
Essential Macromolecules Let’s Review Proteins… Essential Macromolecules Name of Macromolecule Picture Examples Important Information Proteins Define: 1. 2. 3. 7 Classes: Monomer: Type of bonds:
Tomorrow… Carbohydrates Lab Wear appropriate footwear https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0 Proteins11:05 (7:36 lipids)