Measurement Systems and Tools and Their Role in Technology Objectives Define measurement Compare the U.S. customary and the metric measurement system. Describe the major physical qualities that can be measured. Name types of measurements. Identify common measuring tools to measure linear distances, diameters and angles. Relate measurement to quality control. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Measurement Systems: Past and Present Measurement: Comparing the quality being described against a standard. In early times, people used parts of the body for measurement. U.S. Customary: Based on a system developed in England somewhere between the 1100s to 1500s. (Inch means thumb width, and foot was based on the length of the human foot.) SI Metric System: Developed in the 1790s by a group of French Scientist. Based on units of 10. Smaller units are in 1/10, 1/100, and 1/1000 and larger units are multiples of 10, 100, and 1000. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

The bases for early units of measurement LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Comparing U.S. to SI LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Qualities Measured Size and Space: The length, area or volume of an object. Mass: The amount of matter in an object. Temperature: How hot or cold an object is. Time: How long an event last. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Size and Space 3 Different encounters: Length, Area, and Volume. Length: Distance between two points. Many parts are described as having Depth, Width and Height. Finished products are typically described in height, width and depth. Common Units (U.S. Customary): Inch, foot, yard, and mile. I mile = 5280 feet LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Area Length and Width multiplied If the length of the page is 11 inches, and the width is 8, the total area covered by the page is 88 square inches. 11” 8” 88 square inches LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Volume Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. Finding volume: Multiply the Length X Width X Depth Width Depth Length LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Mass Mass is the quantity of matter present in an object. Mass is not the same thing as weight. Although there is a relationship, weight is the force of the gravitational pull on a mass. We use Mass and Weight interchangeably because “On Earth”, the mass is very close the gravitational pull, and it remains constant everywhere on earth. Units of weight is U.S. customary are ounces and pounds and in SI they are in terms of grams. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Temperature Temperature is the measurement of how hot or cold something is. The term “Hot” and “Cold” are relative and must be compared to something else. Cold refers to the “Absence of heat” Fahrenheit scale has 180 degrees between freezing and boiling points. Range is from 32-212 Celsius scale has 100 degrees, whereas the range is between 0-100 LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Time Time refers to how long an event lasts. Units of measurement are universal between U.S. and Metric. Seconds Minutes (60 seconds) Hour (60 minutes or 3600 seconds) Year (1 year = 8 765.81277 hours) LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

If a car is traveling 60 MPH, how many feet is it traveling per second? 1 mile is 5280 feet @ 60mph the car is traveling 5280 X 60 Or 316800 feet. 1 hour = 60 minutes, or 3600 seconds 316800/3600 Answer: 88 feet/second Can you calculate the Yards per second? 29.33Yds/second LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Types of Measurement Standard Measurement: If a product is acceptable to be within fractions of an inch, and not required to be extremely precise. Precision Measurement: Where Standard Measurement is not accurate enough, and are required to be within 1/1000th or 1/10000th Example: A piston in a motor would be deemed useless if it had a variance of1/32. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Measurement Tools Direct Reading Measurement Tools Three common uses of measurements are finding linear dimensions, diameter measurements and angle measurements. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Linear Devices Most common is the Rule LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Measuring…. 72 mm 2 1/8 LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Comparing Rules

Breaking down a fractional Rule Longest lines are inch markers 2nd longest lines are ½ inch markers 3rd longest are ¼ inch markers 4th longest are 1/8 inch markers LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Machinist’s Tools Micrometer Vernier Calipers Depth Gauges LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Angle Measuring Devices Angles between 90 edges are commonly done with squares. 45 degree angles are measured using carpenter’s square or a try square. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Checking for square… Is this page square on the presentation? LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010

Remember… When we are measuring something that does not require a great deal of precision, we can use a common ruler. For any greater precision, we need to use tools that allows use to measure 1/1000th of an inch. LANCE TATRO CHSE 2010