Quantum Design PPMS & Transport and Magnetic Measurements

How to measure? Force : F = mass x acceleration [Newton’s Law] acceleration = change in velocity/time =  v/  t =  (  d/  t)/  t F = mass x gravity F= - k x displacement Torque = leverarm x Force In Collison : F = Change In Momentum/change in time

Optical Measurements Focal Length of a Lens Interference :

Magnetic Field Biot and Savart Law Calculating Magnetic field around a conductor carrying current Ampere’s theorem can also be applied Magnetic field due to a solenoid B  n I B I

Superconductor Resistance 0 Oppose the applied magnetic field  Current is due to pair of electron

Josephson Junction Superconductor 1 Superconductor 2 I = I 0 Sin  Quantum flux  = h/2e = x Wb Insulator

SQUID Magnetic field of Heart  T SQUID devices were used ( Sperconducting Quantum Interference Devices) It can measure the magnetic field less than T

PPMS or MPMS Use SQUID principle to set up magnetic field ( higher accuracy)

PPMS or MPMS Use SQUID principle to set up magnetic field ( higher accuracy) PPMS with VSM VSM : Vibrating Sample Magnetometer

What can be measured 1.Resistacne vs H 2.Resistance Vs Temperature from 0.3K to 450 K // &  3.I-V as a function of H, // &  4.Ac transport 5.Hall effect 6.Differential resistance 7.Specific heat capacity 8.Angular variation 9. Thermal transport Magnetic : 1.Magnetic hysteresis 2.Susceptibility 3.Torque 4.Magnetic field H, // &  5.Ultra low field option < 0.1 G

PPMS inside view

Sample Puck Current Voltage

VSM Option Direction of current depends on the motion of magnet Induced Emf = -  (Flux)/  t N

VSM contd. VSM coil Motor Oven stick K

Thank You Questions?