The Cell

8 Features of Life Living things…. 1.Reproduce 2.Grow 3.Develop 4.Need food/energy 5.Use Energy 6.Made up of cells- one or many 7.Respond to stimuli 8.Adapt

Reproduce Cellular reproduction: mitosis or meiosis Organism reproduction: Asexual or Sexual

Grow Cells get bigger Increase the number of cells

Develop Changes in an organism as it matures Ex. Tadpole and frog

Producer Make own food, photosynthesis Plants make sugars from sunlight Some bacteria

Consumer Must consume food Can not make food Animals, fungi, protists, bacteria

Cellular Respiration Living cells make energy by breaking down food consumed Make ATP (energy) Animals release Carbon dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Photosynthesis Green organisms make sugar from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide Release oxygen

Cell A small unit in an organism Each cell performs a specific job based on their location Location: heart, brain, lungs, liver, stomach, skin Unicellular: one celled organism (bacteria) Multicellular: many cells working together

Unicellular

Multicellular

Response to Stimuli External Stimuli: temperature, pressure, sight, sound, taste, smell Internal stimuli: breathing, heart beat, digesting food, fears All organisms respond physically or chemically

Adaptation A beneficial trait inherited by an organism Increases chances of survival in a changing environment Birds have wings and specialized beaks Dolphins have fins to swim

camouflage

Chemistry of Life 6 Elements: CHONPS 1.Carbon 2.Hydrogen 3.Oxygen 4.Nitrogen 5.Phosphorus 6.Sulfur

C.H.O.N.P.S. 1.Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry 2.Hydrogen, Oxygen * Components of water (H2O) *Necessary for organic acids (COOH) and alcohols (OH) 1.Nitrogen - essential component of proteins, nucleic acids, and pigments 2.Phosphorus –Essential component of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) –Essential component of ATP, used in energy exchange 3.Sulfur - important in many amino acids & proteins

Robert Hooke 1665 Observed cork cells under a microscope Use the word cell to describe the empty spaces

Cork Cell

Robert Brown Discovered that a cell has a nucleus

Schleiden and Schwann Hypothesized about animal and plant cells Developed Cell Theory

Cell Theory 1.All living things are made of one or many cells 2.Cells are the basic units of life, cells have specific functions (they build tissues and organs) 3.All cells come from other cells (mitosis or meiosis)