Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. MICHAEL D. JOHNSON HUMAN BIOLOGY, SCIENCE, AND SOCIETY CHAPTER 1 HUMAN BIOLOGY, SCIENCE, AND SOCIETY PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues Second Edition
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. How are living things different from nonliving things? Living things: Require energy and raw materials Are composed of cells Maintain homeostasis Respond to environment Grow and reproduce Are capable of evolving The Characteristics of Life
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Monera: single-celled prokaryotes Animalia: eukaryotic animals, heterotrophs Plantae: eukaryotic, photosynthetic plants Fungi: eukaryotic, decomposers (fungi, yeast, mushrooms) Protista: eukaryotic protoza, algae, slime molds A Five-Kingdom Classification
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bipedalism Opposable thumbs Large brain Capacity for language Defining Features of Humans
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Atom and molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Levels of Biological Organization
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Levels of Biological Organization ( cont. ) Figure 1.7.1
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Levels of Biological Organization ( cont. ) Figure 1.7.2
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The Scientific Method Figure 1.8
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Observe and generalize Formulate a hypothesis Make a testable prediction Experiment or observe Modify the hypothesis as necessary and repeat Steps in the Scientific Method
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Peer-reviewed journals Popular press Electronic publications Ways to Disseminate Findings
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. For a hypothesis to become a theory it must: Be broad Be extensively tested Be supported over time Explain a broad range of facts Have a high degree of reliability Theories may be refuted in the future Hypothesis vs. Theory
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Become a skeptic Appreciate the value of statistics Learn to read graphs Distinguish anecdotes from scientific evidence Separate facts from conclusions Understand the differences between correlation and causation Learning to be a Critical Thinker
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Science improves technology and the human condition Science has limits Making informed choices The Role of Science in Society