6th Grade Social Studies Chapter 12: Canada 6th Grade Social Studies

Canada Section 1: Physical Geography Section 2: History and Culture CHAPTER 12 Canada Section 1: Physical Geography Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: Canada Today

Physical Map of Canada Click Here for the Physical map from Free Worlds Maps Click Here for the National Geographic Map

Why study Canada? Canada and the United States share the longest unguarded boundary in the world. We are also allies. Each country is the other’s most important trading partner. Changes in either country’s government can affect that relationship. We share a language, some aspects of history and many cultural traditions. Canada is a beautiful country that offers spectacular scenery, fascinating historical sites, and multicultural entertainment for the visitor

Sec 1: Physical Geography/ Canada’s Major Landforms, Rivers, and Lakes: Landforms—Coast Mountains, Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains, Canadian Shield, St. Lawrence River Valley Rivers—St. Lawrence Lakes—Great Bear, Great Slave, Great Lakes

Major Climate Types and Natural Resources: Climate Types—humid continental, marine west coast, subarctic, tundra, ice cap Resources—Atlantic and Pacific coastal waters, lakes, rivers, fertile soil, minerals, lumber, and pulp

Main Ideas The St. Lawrence River links the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.

Vocabulary potash A mineral used to make fertilizer pulp Softened wood fibers used to make paper newsprint Cheap paper used mainly for newspapers

Physical Geography SECTION 1 CANADA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Landforms Lakes and Rivers Climates Resources Coast Mountains and Rocky Mountains Canadian Shield fertile farm-land in St. Lawrence River Valley and Great Lakes region Great Lakes thousands of lakes and rivers, may carved by glaciers St. Lawrence River links Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean central and eastern—humid continental southwest— marine west coast central and north—subarctic far north— tundra tourism fertile soil minerals— nickel, zinc, uranium, lead, copper, gold, silver, coal, potash oil and natural gas forests

Geography of Canada (5:39)

Sec 2: History and Culture France and Britain in Canada France settles New France; founds Quebec City in 1608. New France thrives for a century and a half, spreading culture and building trade. Britain takes control of New France after French and Indian War but French culture remains entrenched.

France and Britain in Canada (continued) Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) are established. British Parliament creates the Dominion of Canada in 1867.

Immigrants and Canadian Culture European and Asian immigrants contribute to Canada’s economic boom in the early 1900s After World War II, another wave of immigrants arrives and settles mostly in cities. Toronto remains one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world.

Main Ideas The French and British colonization influenced language, government, customs, and other aspects of culture. Immigrants contributed to Canada throughout their work on railroads, farms and forests, in mines, and in factories. They also contributed to the economic boom of the early 1900s.

What is the largest ethnic group of Canada? - British Isles Origin

Vocabulary provinces Administrative divisions of a country dominion A territory or area of influence Métis (may-TEES) People of mixed European and Canadian Indian ancestry in Canada

1400s– European explorers and fishers SECTION 2 History and Culture 1608– New France founded 1867– Dominion of Canada A.D. 1000– Vikings arrive Canada Today Canada’s First Nations 1400s– European explorers and fishers mid-1700’s British control Growth and Immigration

Sec 3: Canada Today - Regionalism and Canada English and French Canadian regionalism creates conflict. Many Quebecois believe Quebec deserves special status; many English Canadians disagree. Regionalism threatens many Canadians’ connection to their country as a whole.

Regionalism (continued) Regionalism affects Canada’s culture because it created divisions between English and French speakers, and between western and eastern provinces. Quebec

Atlantic (Maritime) Provinces (4:13)

Prairie Provinces (3:28)

Major areas and provinces of Canada Eastern Provinces—Maritime provinces, Newfoundland, and Labrador Heartland—Quebec and Ontario Western Provinces—the Prairie Provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta; British Columbia Canadian North—Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut

Vocabulary regionalism The stronger connection to one’s region than to one’s country maritime On or near the sea, such as Canada’s Maritime Provinces Inuit North American Eskimos

British Columbia (4:13)

Northern Territories (4:34)

Canada Today SECTION 3 Regionalism in Canada Quebecois believe Quebec should have special status. English-speaking Canadians believe there are too many privileges already for Quebec. Regionalism in Canada Some Quebecois want independence for Quebec. Other provinces, particularly in western Canada, want more freedom from national control.

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