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Son of King Philip II of Macedonia In 336 B.C., he becomes king of Macedonia Was the first king to be called “Great” His parents hired Aristotle to be his personal tutor at the age of 13 Ruled for 12 years Became king at 20 years old kidspast.com

Alexander the Great(Alex) dealt with Thebes and Athens, two cities in Greece. Thebes and Athens thought that he was dead and thought the time was right to separate from Macedonia Alex marched up to the gates of Thebes and told them it wasn’t too late to change their minds The next day, Alex’s general, Perdicas, attacked the gates of Thebes Macedonians then stormed the city, killing almost everyone in sight, women and children included They plundered, sacked, burned, and razed Thebes as an example to the rest of Greece Greece remained under Macedonian control

Alex began his war against Persia in the spring of 334 BC by crossing the Hellespont (modern Dardanelles) with an army of 35,000 Macedonians and 7,600 Greeks The Macedonian army soon encountered the Persian army under King Darius III at the crossing of river Grancius Alex’s forces defeated the enemy (totaling 40,000 men)

At the Battle of Issus, Alex encountered King Darius III for the second time at a mountain pass at Issus Darius fled northward, abandoning his mother, wife, and children to Alex, who treated them with respect due to royalty In the next year Alex marched down the Phoenician coast and received surrenders of all the major cities there except for Tyre, which surrendered 7 months later to Alex

Alex entered Egypt in 331 BC The city of Alexandria came about when Alex ordered a city to be designed and founded in his name at the mouth of the Nile river; it would become one of the major cultural centers in the Mediterranean world in the following centuries In the spring of 331 BC, Alex made a pilgrimage to the great temple and oracle of Amon-Ra (Egyptian god of the sun) Earlier Egyptian pharaohs were believed to be sons of Amon-Ra and Alex wanted the god to acknowledge him as his son the pilgrimage apparently was successful and may have confirmed in him a belief in his own divine origin Alex was made pharaoh voluntarily by the Egyptians, who despised living under Persian rule Alex refused a peace offer with the Persian Empire because he wanted to conquer the whole empire

Alex reorganized his forces at Tyre and started for Babylon with an army of 40,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry Alex conquered lands between Tigris and Euphrates rivers and found the Persian army Alex’s army and the Persian army met on a battlefield on October 1, 331 BC so that Alex could equally defeat King Darius to make him never again dare to raise an army against the Macedonians The Macedonian army slaughtered them Alex was proclaimed King of Persia, and he appointed mainly Persians as provincial governors After 4 months, the Macedonians burned the royal palace to the ground thus bringing an end to the ancient Persian Empire Alex continued his pursuit of King Darius III and finally found him dead on his couch assassinated by his own men Alex had the assassins executed and gave Darius a royal funeral

Alex and his army invaded Pujab, India Alex’s greatest battles in India were against Porus, one of the most powerful Indian leaders, at the river Hydapses The Indians were defeated in a fierce battle, even though they fought with fear-inducing elephants, which the Macedonians had never seen before Alex captured Porus, and, like the other local rulers he had defeated, he allowed him to continue to govern his territory Alex even subdued an independent province and granted it to Porus as a gift Alex’s horse, Bucephalus, was wounded and killed in this battle Alex had ridden Bucephalus into every one of his battles in Greece and Asia When his horse died, Alex was grief-stricken, so he founded a city in his horse’s name davecullen.com Alex’s horse; Bucephalus

On his trip to reach the Ocean on the southern edge of the world, Alex sought out the Indian philosophers, the Brahmins(who were famous for their wisdom) and debated them on philosophical issues Alex became legendary for centuries in India for being both a wise philosopher and a fearless conqueror

Alex was wounded many times in an attack against the Malli, most seriously when an arrow pierced his breastplate and his ribcage The Macedonian officers rescued him in a narrow escape In the spring of 324 BC, Alex and 80 close associates married Iranian noblewomen He established training programs to teach Persians about Greek and Macedonian culture He married Roxane, a Persian

Alex died at the age of 33 on June 10, 323 BC Three days earlier on June 7, 323 BC the Macedonians were allowed to file past their leader for the last time before he finally succumbed to the illness Alex died without designating a successor His death opened the anarchic age of the Diadochi, and the Macedonian empire eventually ceased to exist mrdowling.com

Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History. N.p.: McDougal Littell, n.d. Print. //Macedonia FAQ: Alexander the Great//. Macedonia.org, Web. 14 Dec ANCIENT WORLD LEADERS:ALEXANDER THE GREAT:Arthur M. Schlesinger, jr. Anatolia. "Alexander the Great." Anatolia. Thracian Ltd., Jan Web. 26 Jan Knox, E.L. Skip. "History of Western Civilization." Alexander the Great. Boise State University, n.d. Web. 26 Jan Whitten, Chris. "interesting.com." Alexander the Great. Chris Whitten, Web. 26 Jan